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Special Issue "Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences"

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2009) | Viewed by 135786

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gregor Drummen

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Guest Editor

Cellular Stress and Ageing Program, Bionanoscience and Bioimaging Program, BNS, 33647 Bielefeld, Germany
Interests: quantum dots; bionanotechnology; two-photon fluorescence imaging; cellular imaging; fluorescence microscopy; cancer; cell signaling; oxidative stress; lipids and biomembranes; lipid peroxidation; antioxidants; renal pathobiology; extracellular vesicles; Super-resolution microscopy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The introduction of Quantum Dots for research purposes has significantly contributed to our understanding of various fundamental questions and phenomena in Biomedicine and Life Sciences and comprises a rapidly developing field of science. Novel synthesis methods have provided a wide spectrum of Quantum Dots and related Nano-crystals and are now utilized in various biomedical applications, such as fluorescence microscopy, correlation spectroscopy, single-cell biochemistry, flow cytometry, DNA and protein arrays, immunoassays, cyto-and histochemistry, in situ hybridization, PCR, and Drug screening in a high throughput setting.

In order to bring recent developments and advancements in Nano-Crystal technology closer to Life Scientists and Students alike, thus both, educate as well as stimulate the integration of these novel thechnologies into Life Science research efforts, this special issue aims to actively recruit leading scientists in the field to share their knowledge.

High quality research papers, methodological papers, reviews or mini-reviews with regard to Synthesis, Biomedical-, and Life Science applications of Quantum Dots are considered for publication. In addition, purely educational papers from which students and researchers may benefit are very welcome. Previously unpublished original experimental and review papers are petitioned for regarding the following and related topics listed under keywords.

Dr. Gregor Drummen
Guest Editor

Leading Papers and Reviews

Caruthers, S.D.; Wickline, S.A.; Lanza, G.M. Nanotechnological applications in medicine. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2007, 18, 26-30.
Rao, J.; Dragulescu-Andrasi, A.; Yao, H. Fluorescence imaging in vivo: recent advances. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 2007, 18, 17-25.
Jaiswal, J.K.; Simon, S.M. Imaging single events at the cell membrane. Nat. Chem. Biol. 2007, 3, 92-8.
Kaji, N.; Tokeshi, M.; Baba, Y. Quantum dots for single bio-molecule imaging. Anal. Sci. 2007, 23, 21-4.
Willner, I.; Basnar, B.; Willner, B. Nanoparticle-enzyme hybrid systems for nanobiotechnology. FEBS J. 2007, 274, 302-9. Review.
Hernandez-Sanchez, B.A.; Boyle, T.J.; Lambert, T.N.; Daniel-Taylor, S.D.; Oliver, J.M.; Wilson, B.S.; Lidke, D.S.; Andrews, N.L. Synthesizing biofunctionalized nanoparticles to image cell signaling pathways. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2006, 5, 222-30.
Gallego, O.; Puntes, V. What can nanotechnology do to fight cancer? Clin. Transl. Oncol. 2006, 8, 788-95.
Du, W.; Wang, Y.; Luo, Q.; Liu, B.F. Optical molecular imaging for systems biology: from molecule to organism. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006, 386, 444-57.
Jares-Erijman, E.A.; Jovin, T.M. Imaging molecular interactions in living cells by FRET microscopy. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2006, 10, 409-16.
Scholes, G.D.; Rumbles, G. Excitons in nanoscale systems. Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 683-96. Erratum in: Nat. Mater. 2006, 5, 920.
Wang, M.D.; Shin, D.M.; Simons, J.W.; Nie, S. Nanotechnology for targeted cancer therapy. Expert Rev. Anticancer Ther. 2007, 7, 833-7.

Keywords

Fundamentals of Quantum Dots: Synthesis of Nanocrystals/Quantum Dots, Funtamental properties of Quantum Dots, Cytoxicity and Biocmpatibility

Instrumentation: New developments in instrumentation and automation

Applications in Life sciences and Biomedicine: Live cell imaging, Biomolecular sensing, Applications of Quantum dots in Cell Biology, Applications of Quantum dots in disease diagnosis and therapy, Other applications in Biomedicine

Methodology: In depth "How to" papers

Education: When and how to use Quantum Dots for research purposes, Basic information for Undergraduate, Graduate, MPhil, PhD students, Other educational topics

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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Open AccessEditorial

Quantum Dots—From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences

Gregor P.C. Drummen

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2010, 11(1), 154-163; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11010154 - 12 Jan 2010

Cited by 75 | Viewed by 20137

Abstract

Imagine devices or particles so small that they are invisible to the naked eye. Imagine that such entities could be used to patrol our bodies and autonomously augment endogenous defense and repair mechanisms. Imagine the defeat of illness at a fraction of the current costs. Bionanotechnology is the field of science that deals with just that: the development of imaging, tracking, targeting, sensing, diagnostic, and eventually therapeutic capabilities based on particles in the nanometer range, i.e., “nanoparticles”. Within the extensive group of nanoparticles, semiconducting quantum dots play a central and prominent role. Quantum dots excel at a myriad of physical properties, most notably their fluorescent properties, such as high quantum yield, photo-stability, broad absorption spectra, and their remarkable size-dependent emission-tunability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences)

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Research

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Open AccessArticle

Cytotoxic Effects of CdSe Quantum Dots on Maturation of Mouse Oocytes, Fertilization, and Fetal Development

by Ming-Shu Hsieh, Nion-Heng Shiao and

Wen-Hsiung Chan

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10(5), 2122-2135; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10052122 - 14 May 2009

Cited by 61 | Viewed by 12114

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are useful novel luminescent markers, but their embryonic toxicity is yet to be fully established, particularly in oocyte maturation and sperm fertilization. Earlier experiments by our group show that CdSe-core QDs have cytotoxic effects on mouse blastocysts and are associated with defects in subsequent development. Here, we further investigate the influence of CdSe-core QDs on oocyte maturation, fertilization, and subsequent pre- and postimplantation development. CdSe-core QDs induced a significant reduction in the rates of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and in vitro embryo development, but not ZnS-coated CdSe QDs. Treatment of oocytes with 500 nM CdSe-core QDs during in vitro maturation (IVM) led to increased resorption of postimplantation embryos and decreased placental and fetal weights. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the negative impact of CdSe-core QDs on mouse oocyte development. Moreover, surface modification of CdSe-core QDs with ZnS effectively prevented this cytotoxicity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences)

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Open AccessArticle

Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Quantum Dot Labeled DNA Microarrays

and

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10(4), 1930-1941; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10041930 - 24 Apr 2009

Cited by 42 | Viewed by 15018

Abstract

Quantum dot (QD) labeling combined with fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy is proposed as a powerful transduction technique for the detection of DNA hybridization events. Fluorescence lifetime analysis of DNA microarray spots of hybridized QD labeled target indicated a characteristic lifetime value of 18.8 ns, compared to 13.3 ns obtained for spots of free QD solution, revealing that QD labels are sensitive to the spot microenvironment. Additionally, time gated detection was shown to improve the microarray image contrast ratio by 1.8, achieving femtomolar target sensitivity. Finally, lifetime multiplexing based on Qdot525 and Alexa430 was demonstrated using a single excitation-detection readout channel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences)

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Open AccessArticle

Potential Use of Quantum Dots in Flow Cytometry

and

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9(12), 2622-2638; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9122622 - 17 Dec 2008

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 13494

Abstract

QDs may offer significant advantages in environmental and bead-based applications where the target cells need to be discriminated above background fluorescence. We have examined the possible applications of QDs for flow cytometric measurements (FCM) by studying their excitation - emission spectra and their binding to paramagnetic beads. We labelled beads with either QDs or a commonly-used fluorochrome (FITC) and studied their fluorescence intensity by FCM. Flow cytometric comparisons indicated that the minimum fluorophore concentration required for detection of QDs above autofluorescent background was 100-fold less than for FITC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences)

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Open AccessArticle

Preparation and Characterization of Highly Fluorescent, Glutathione-coated Near Infrared Quantum Dots for in Vivo Fluorescence Imaging

and

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2008, 9(10), 2044-2061; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms9102044 - 29 Oct 2008

Cited by 90 | Viewed by 14058

Abstract

Fluorescent probes that emit in the near-infrared (NIR, 700-1,300 nm) region are suitable as optical contrast agents for in vivo fluorescence imaging because of low scattering and absorption of the NIR light in tissues. Recently, NIR quantum dots (QDs) have become a new class of fluorescent materials that can be used for in vivo imaging. Compared with traditional organic fluorescent dyes, QDs have several unique advantages such as size- and composition-tunable emission, high brightness, narrow emission bands, large Stokes shifts, and high resistance to photobleaching. In this paper, we report a facile method for the preparation of highly fluorescent, water-soluble glutathione (GSH)-coated NIR QDs for in vivo imaging. GSH-coated NIR QDs (GSH-QDs) were prepared by surface modification of hydrophobic CdSeTe/CdS (core/shell) QDs. The hydrophobic surface of the CdSeTe/CdS QDs was exchanged with GSH in tetrahydrofuran-water. The resulting GSH-QDs were monodisperse particles and stable in PBS (phosphate buffered saline, pH = 7.4). The GSH-QDs (800 nm emission) were highly fluorescent in aqueous solutions (quantum yield = 22% in PBS buffer), and their hydrodynamic diameter was less than 10 nm, which is comparable to the size of proteins. The cellular uptake and viability for the GSH-QDs were examined using HeLa and HEK 293 cells. When the cells were incubated with aqueous solutions of the GSH-QDs (10 nM), the QDs were taken into the cells and distributed in the perinuclear region of both cells. After 12 hrs incubation of 4 nM of GSH-QDs, the viabilities of HeLa and HEK 293 cells were ca. 80 and 50%, respectively. As a biomedical utility of the GSH-QDs, in vivo NIRfluorescence imaging of a lymph node in a mouse is presented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences)

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Review

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Quantum Dots — Characterization, Preparation and Usage in Biological Systems

and

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10(2), 656-673; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10020656 - 20 Feb 2009

Cited by 254 | Viewed by 23706

Abstract

The use of fluorescent nanoparticles as probes for bioanalytical applications is a highly promising technique because fluorescence-based techniques are very sensitive. Quantum dots (QDs) seem to show the greatest promise as labels for tagging and imaging in biological systems owing to their impressive photostability, which allow long-term observations of biomolecules. The usage of QDs in practical applications has started only recently, therefore, the research on QDs is extremely important in order to provide safe and effective biosensing materials for medicine. This review reports on the recent methods for the preparation of quantum dots, their physical and chemical properties, surface modification as well as on some interesting examples of their experimental use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences)

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Open AccessReview

Quantum Dots for Live Cell and In Vivo Imaging

Maureen A. Walling

Jennifer A. Novak

and

Jason R. E. Shepard

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10(2), 441-491; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10020441 - 03 Feb 2009

Cited by 415 | Viewed by 36174

Abstract

In the past few decades, technology has made immeasurable strides to enable visualization, identification, and quantitation in biological systems. Many of these technological advancements are occurring on the nanometer scale, where multiple scientific disciplines are combining to create new materials with enhanced properties. The integration of inorganic synthetic methods with a size reduction to the nano-scale has lead to the creation of a new class of optical reporters, called quantum dots. These semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals have emerged as an alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins, and are brighter and more stable against photobleaching than standard fluorescent indicators. Quantum dots have tunable optical properties that have proved useful in a wide range of applications from multiplexed analysis such as DNA detection and cell sorting and tracking, to most recently demonstrating promise for in vivo imaging and diagnostics. This review provides an in-depth discussion of past, present, and future trends in quantum dot use with an emphasis on in vivo imaging and its related applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Quantum Dots: From Synthesis to Applications in Biomedicine and Life Sciences)

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