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Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides in the Modulation of the Carotid Body 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2022) | Viewed by 3328

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
Interests: neuroscience; neuroanatomy; peripheral arterial chemoreceptors; carotid body; neuropeptides; receptors; hyperoxia; hypoxia; plasticity; clinical anatom
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will cover a selection of recent research topics and current review articles related to the role of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the carotid body function and plasticity, also with reference to its more recent translational implications. Up-to-date review articles, commentaries, and experimental papers are all welcome.

The carotid body is the main peripheral arterial chemoreceptor, sensitive to hypoxia, hypercapnia and reduction in pH, but also to inflammatory and metabolic factors. Its stimulation induces increases in ventilatory frequency and volume, through activation of the medullary respiratory centers and sympathoactivation. The carotid body is structurally composed of chemosensitive type I cells and supportive type II cells, the latter being also identified as stem cell precursors for type I cells. A large number of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (with their receptors) have been identified in the carotid body; they are involved in the modulation of chemoreception and in plasticity responses of the carotid body to environmental factors such as hypoxia (continuous or intermittent), hyperoxia or inflammation. Accordingly, a role for the carotid body has been suggested in various clinical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, and sudden infant death syndrome.

Prof. Dr. Andrea Porzionato
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • peripheral arterial chemoreceptors
  • oxygen homeostasis
  • neurotransmitters
  • neuropeptides
  • growth factors
  • receptors
  • hypoxia
  • development
  • plasticity

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 4701 KiB  
Article
Immunohistochemical Characteristics of the Human Carotid Body in the Antenatal and Postnatal Periods of Development
by Dmitry Otlyga, Ekaterina Tsvetkova, Olga Junemann and Sergey Saveliev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(15), 8222; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158222 - 30 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2653
Abstract
The evolutionary and ontogenetic development of the carotid body is still understudied. Research aimed at studying the comparative morphology of the organ at different periods in the individual development of various animal species should play a crucial role in understanding the physiology of [...] Read more.
The evolutionary and ontogenetic development of the carotid body is still understudied. Research aimed at studying the comparative morphology of the organ at different periods in the individual development of various animal species should play a crucial role in understanding the physiology of the carotid body. However, despite more than two centuries of study, the human carotid body remains poorly understood. There are many knowledge gaps in particular related to the antenatal development of this structure. The aim of our work is to study the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the human carotid body in the antenatal and postnatal periods of development. We investigated the human carotid bodies from 1 embryo, 20 fetuses and 13 adults of different ages using samples obtained at autopsy. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of βIII-tubulin and tyrosine hydroxylase in the type I cells and nerve fibers at all periods of ontogenesis; synaptophysin and PGP9.5 in the type I cells in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases; 200 kDa neurofilaments in nerve fibers in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases; and GFAP and S100 in the type II cells and Schwann cells in some of the antenatal cases and all of the postnatal cases. A high level of tyrosine hydroxylase in the type I cells was a distinctive feature of the antenatal carotid bodies. On the contrary, in the type I cells of adults, the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was significantly lower. Our data suggest that the human carotid body may perform an endocrine function in the antenatal period, while in the postnatal period of development, it loses this function and becomes a chemosensory organ. Full article
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