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Advances in the Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2026) | Viewed by 2469

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
Interests: epilepsy; cortical development; genetics; neuronal network formation; neurodevelopmental disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neuronal development is a continuous and highly dynamic process starting in embryonic stages and becoming further defined throughout childhood and adolescence. The maturation of neuronal networks depends on key mechanisms leading the developmental course, including neuroprogenitor proliferation, neuronal differentiation, migration and synaptogenesis. This dynamic process involves multiple cell types and specific interactions with microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocyte that drive the building and maintenance of functional neuronal networks in the brain. Pitfalls in this highly complex machinery underlie brain disorders, the clinical manifestations of which depend on the age of onset and the extent of the damage. In recent decades, studies of brain disorders of genetic origin have allowed us to delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying the most common neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as intellectual disabilities, epilepsy and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this context, the critical relevance of selected cellular pathways for neuronal function has emerged. Indeed, pathogenetic variants in genes involved in ionic channel function, synaptic transmission, endo-lysosomal homeostasis and intracellular trafficking are commonly known to underlie several neurodevelopmental phenotypes in human patients.

Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of NDDs is crucial for developing innovative and targeted therapies. This Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences aims to bring together state-of-the-art original research and reviews on novel advances in the physiopathology of a wide range of NDDs, including cortical malformations, developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs), intellectual disabilities, ASD and epilepsies.

Dr. Antonio Falace
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neuronal development
  • synaptogenesis
  • developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
  • epilepsy
  • biomarkers
  • neuroimmunology
  • translational research
  • cortical malformation
  • neurodegeneration

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 2960 KB  
Article
Role of the Glycine Transporter GlyT2 in the Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells
by Jorge Sarmiento-Jiménez, Beatriz Morales-González, Enrique Núñez, Elena Martínez-Blanco, Francisco Zafra, Francisco Javier Díez-Guerra and Beatriz López-Corcuera
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(7), 3026; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27073026 - 26 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Hyperekplexia is a neurologic disorder of marked perinatal significance. Affected neonates display generalized hypertonia and exaggerated startle reflex in response to innocuous stimuli, potentially leading to life-threatening apneic episodes. Although symptom severity typically diminishes during the first year of life, affected individuals often [...] Read more.
Hyperekplexia is a neurologic disorder of marked perinatal significance. Affected neonates display generalized hypertonia and exaggerated startle reflex in response to innocuous stimuli, potentially leading to life-threatening apneic episodes. Although symptom severity typically diminishes during the first year of life, affected individuals often continue to exhibit disabling motor dysfunction and frequent unprotected falls throughout adulthood. Currently, no targeted therapeutic interventions are available. The pathophysiology involves partial or complete disruption of inhibitory glycinergic neurotransmission. Mutations in the gene encoding the neuronal glycine transporter GlyT2 (SLC6A5) represent the second-most frequent genetic etiology of human hyperekplexia. To investigate the mechanistic basis for the heightened severity of symptoms during the perinatal period, we examined the role of GlyT2 in neuronal differentiation using the PC12 cell model. Pharmacological induction of differentiation demonstrated that clones stably expressing GFP-GlyT2 exhibit increased expression of neuronal differentiation markers and enhanced neurite outgrowth—both in number and length—relative to parental PC12 cells. These clones also displayed elevated cytosolic calcium levels, which were attenuated by calmodulin overexpression, subsequently downregulating differentiation marker expression. We hereby proved that GlyT2 is clearly implicated in growth cone progression and differentiation of PC12 cells into neurons by increasing internal calcium and binding to growth cone proteins. Finally, our results were validated in primary neurons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
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Review

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17 pages, 3369 KB  
Review
SLC35A2-Related Brain Disorders: Genetics, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Insights
by Beatrice Risso, Antonella Riva, Greta Volpedo, Valerio Conti, Clara Tuccari di San Carlo, Federico Zara, Pasquale Striano and Antonio Falace
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(23), 11560; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262311560 - 28 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1173
Abstract
SLC35A2 encodes the Golgi uridine diphosphate galactose transporter, which is essential for glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Variants in this gene, either germline or somatic, have emerged as causes of diverse neurological disorders ranging from congenital disorders of glycosylation (SLC35A2-CDG) to [...] Read more.
SLC35A2 encodes the Golgi uridine diphosphate galactose transporter, which is essential for glycosylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Variants in this gene, either germline or somatic, have emerged as causes of diverse neurological disorders ranging from congenital disorders of glycosylation (SLC35A2-CDG) to focal cortical malformations such as mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE). This review summarizes the molecular function of SLC35A2, clinical phenotypes of congenital and somatic variants, insights from functional assays and animal models, and therapeutic perspectives including galactose supplementation and precision medicine. We aim to provide an integrative synthesis of human genetics, neuropathology, glycomics, and translational approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Physiopathology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders)
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