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Recent Advances in Urological Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 1927

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Section of Innovation Biomedicine-Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
Interests: genitourinary cancers; early drug development; translational research

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Guest Editor
U.O.C. Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
Interests: prostate cancer; tumor microenvironment; immunotherapy; new treatment strategies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, dramatic and unprecedented developments have occurred in the urinary cancer field. These discoveries are redefining our understanding of biology and subclassification of urological tumors, leading to new efficacious and potentially curative treatments. Advances in molecular profiling, the advent of immunotherapy, and the application of precision medicine principles have reshaped diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, offering novel opportunities for improved patient outcomes. In particular, emerging insights into the tumor microenvironment, immune evasion mechanisms, and resistance pathways are unveiling promising opportunities for therapeutic intervention. The integration of liquid biopsies, artificial intelligence-driven imaging, and biomarker-driven treatment selection is enhancing early detection, risk stratification, and personalized care. Moreover, breakthroughs in systemic therapies, including next-generation hormone therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, and immunoconjugates, continue to redefine the treatment landscape for urological cancers.

We invite researchers to contribute their latest findings to this Special Issue to advance the field of urological oncology. Topics of interest include but are not limited to novel therapeutic targets, translational insights into tumor biology, real-world clinical data, and innovations in surgical and radiation techniques.

Dr. Andrea Zivi
Dr. Sara Merler
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • genitourinary oncology
  • urologic surgery
  • urologic radiotherapy innovations
  • translational research
  • emerging therapies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

14 pages, 546 KB  
Review
Belzutifan-Associated Hypoxia: A Review of the Novel Therapeutic, Proposed Mechanisms of Hypoxia, and Management Recommendations
by John Kucharczyk, Anshini Bhatt, Laura Bauer and Minas Economides
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7094; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157094 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 1776
Abstract
Belzutifan is a hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor that received FDA approval in 2021 for treating cancers resulting from von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), followed by approval in 2023 for sporadic ccRCC that has progressed through multiple lines [...] Read more.
Belzutifan is a hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) inhibitor that received FDA approval in 2021 for treating cancers resulting from von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), followed by approval in 2023 for sporadic ccRCC that has progressed through multiple lines of therapy. HIF-2α is a promising drug target, as VHL is commonly inactivated in ccRCC, which results in HIF-2α-mediated signaling that is considered central to tumorigenesis. Belzutifan has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials in the first-line and subsequent line settings, and in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Despite being overall well tolerated, belzutifan has a distinct safety profile because of its unique mechanism of action. Anemia was the most common adverse event observed in clinical trials and is considered an on-target effect. Hypoxia is also frequently observed and commonly results in dose reductions, treatment discontinuation, and supplemental oxygen use. This review summarizes the rates of hypoxia seen in clinical trials of belzutifan in ccRCC. As the cause of hypoxia is not well understood, this review also discusses possible mechanisms of hypoxia based on preclinical studies of the HIF pathway and HIF-2α inhibitors. Finally, this review proposes monitoring and management recommendations for clinicians prescribing belzutifan to ccRCC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Urological Cancer)
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