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Prostate Cancer Research Update: Molecular Diagnostic Biomarkers
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Prostate Cancer Research Update: Molecular Diagnostic Biomarkers

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 1365

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mikhail Baryshev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Riga Stradins University, Rācupīte Street 5, 1067 Riga, Latvia
Interests: prostate cancer; cancer-specific CpG and non-CpG methylation; chromatin modifiers; epigenetic reprogramming

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For a long time, methods aimed at diagnosing prostate cancer included the determination of serum PSA levels. Currently, there is an intense debate regarding PSA as a diagnostic, prognostic, and screening tool in PCa due to its limitations. Therefore, it is important to continue searching for molecular markers that can help in early diagnosis and prognosis of the patient's condition, as well as in establishing the patient's response to various treatments, such as new genes, gene fusions, AR variants, non-coding RNAs, and alternatively spliced ​​RNAs.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest advances in the discovery of new molecular biomarkers using transcriptomics, genomics, and epigenetics, which are expected to improve the diagnosis and clinical management of patients with prostate cancer.

Since IJMS is a journal of molecular science, pure clinical studies will not be suitable; however, clinical submissions including biomolecular experiments focusing on the above-mentioned topics are welcomed.

Dr. Mikhail Baryshev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • molecular biomarkers
  • cancer-specific DNA methylation
  • non-coding genes
  • gene fusions
  • lncRNA

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 3171 KiB  
Article
Allele-Specific CG/CCWGG Methylation of the PSA Promoter Discriminates Aggressive, Indolent, and Benign Prostate Cell Lines and Is Involved in the Regulation of PSA Expression
by Mikhail Baryshev and Egils Vjaters
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 1243; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031243 - 31 Jan 2025
Viewed by 743
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen remains a cornerstone biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and management. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating its expression, particularly through DNA methylation, are not fully understood. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of allele-specific CpG and CCWGG methylation in the proximal PSA [...] Read more.
Prostate-specific antigen remains a cornerstone biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and management. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating its expression, particularly through DNA methylation, are not fully understood. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of allele-specific CpG and CCWGG methylation in the proximal PSA promoter across aggressive (PC3), indolent (LNCaP), benign (BPH1), and normal (HPrEpiC) prostate cell lines and provide insights into the unique methylation patterns associated with these states. Our findings reveal that PC3 cells, representing an aggressive PCa phenotype, exhibit complete biallelic methylation of the PSA promoter, leading to PSA gene silencing. Conversely, LNCaP cells display a fully unmethylated promoter with biallelic PSA expression. Interestingly, BPH1 cells display a monoallelic CG/CCWGG methylation pattern, yet fail to express PSA, suggesting imprinting defects or RNA decay mechanisms. Notably, acquisition of biallelic PSA promoter methylation status in PC3 was accompanied by upregulation of DNMT1, whereas unmethylated PSA promoter state in LNCaP was associated with downregulation of DNMT1. These findings highlight distinct methylation patterns in the PSA promoter that differentiate between aggressive, indolent, and benign prostate states. Translating this epigenetic insight into clinical diagnostics could enhance the precision of PSA-based diagnostics, addressing limitations such as false negatives in PSA testing for aggressive PCa. Further exploration of CCWGG methylation’s role in imprinting and monoallelic expression is warranted, particularly in patient-derived samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer Research Update: Molecular Diagnostic Biomarkers)
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Review

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29 pages, 3056 KiB  
Review
Transforming Prostate Cancer Care: Innovations in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Directions
by Sanaz Vakili, Iman Beheshti, Amir Barzegar Behrooz, Marek J. Łos, Rui Vitorino and Saeid Ghavami
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5386; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115386 - 4 Jun 2025
Viewed by 13
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains a major global health challenge, ranking as the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have transformed its management, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in imaging, including [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer remains a major global health challenge, ranking as the second most common malignancy in men worldwide. Advances in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies have transformed its management, enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in imaging, including multiparametric MRI and PSMA-PET, which have improved cancer detection and staging. Biomarker-based diagnostics, such as PHI and 4K Score, offer precise risk stratification, reducing unnecessary biopsies. Innovations in treatment, including robotic-assisted surgery, novel hormone therapies, immunotherapy, and PARP inhibitors, are redefining care for localized and advanced prostate cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are emerging as powerful tools to optimize diagnostics, risk prediction, and treatment personalization. Additionally, advances in radiation therapy, such as IMRT and SBRT, provide targeted and effective options for high-risk patients. While these innovations have significantly improved survival and minimized overtreatment, challenges remain in optimizing therapy sequencing and addressing disparities in care. The integration of AI, theranostics, and gene-editing technologies holds immense promise for the future of prostate cancer management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prostate Cancer Research Update: Molecular Diagnostic Biomarkers)
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