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Latest Research on Plant Cell Wall

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2024) | Viewed by 8750

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Natalia E. Mokshina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
Interests: thickened plant cell wall; tertiary cell wall; gene expression; transcription factors; glycosyltransferases; regulation of plant cell wall formation
Dr. Polina V. Mikshina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420111 Kazan, Russia
Interests: thickened plant cell walls; tertiary cell wall; polysaccharides; cellulose; pectins; polysaccharide biosynthesis; assembly and interactions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

This Special Issue, entitled "Latest Research on Plant Cell Wall", will cover the broad spectrum of topics relating plant cell wall development and functioning.

It probably no longer makes sense to write about how important the cell wall is in the development and functioning of the plant cell and the entire plant. Indeed, the research community understands well that it is this amazingly stable and dynamic structure that determines much of a plant's biology. At the same time, the complexity of this structure, which for a long time was considered "dead", also determines some of the slow pace of its research. This Special Issue is both a platform for publishing "classical" studies that complement and describe existing dogmas and concepts of the plant cell wall’s development and function, as well as studies that offer "new plot twists" and revisions of some concepts due to the accumulation of new knowledge and improvements made in research methods. We also propose to discuss the existing problems and "blank spots" in modern plant cell wall biology, in addition to possible ways to find solutions to these problems. We invite researchers to publish on the structural features of the cell walls of various plant objects, the interaction between polymers of different natures during the formation of the cell wall supramolecular structure, cell wall biomechanics, the role of cell wall components in interactions with pathogens, and the molecular aspects of cell wall development and functioning, which have been widely studied. Experimental papers, up-to-date review articles, and commentaries are all welcome. We hope that this issue will serve as a demonstration that the walls separating plant cells represent a powerful platform to unite the ideas and experiences of the world scientific community and break all barriers between teams, whatever the difficult events taking place in the world now and need for their swift and peaceful resolution.

Dr. Natalia E. Mokshina
Dr. Polina V. Mikshina
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant cell wall structure
  • plant cell wall biosynthesis
  • plant cell wall signaling
  • regulation of plant cell wall formation
  • plant cell wall genes
  • biomechanics of cell wall
  • cell wall polysaccharides
  • interactions between cell wall components
  • role of plant cell wall in interaction with pathogens
  • plant cell wall evolution

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

36 pages, 21957 KiB  
Article
A Fresh Look at Celery Collenchyma and Parenchyma Cell Walls Through a Combination of Biochemical, Histochemical, and Transcriptomic Analyses
by Natalia Mokshina, Olga Sautkina, Oleg Gorshkov and Polina Mikshina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(2), 738; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26020738 - 16 Jan 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1301
Abstract
Celery (Apium graveolens) can be considered as a model plant for studying pectin-enriched primary cell walls. In addition to parenchyma cells with xyloglucan-deficient walls, celery petioles contain collenchyma, a mechanical tissue with thickened cell walls of similar composition. This study presents [...] Read more.
Celery (Apium graveolens) can be considered as a model plant for studying pectin-enriched primary cell walls. In addition to parenchyma cells with xyloglucan-deficient walls, celery petioles contain collenchyma, a mechanical tissue with thickened cell walls of similar composition. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of these tissues at both early and late developmental stages, integrating data on polysaccharide yield, composition, localization, and transcriptome analysis. Our results reveal that young collenchyma walls possess distinct polysaccharide compositions, including higher levels of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), branched galactans, esterified homogalacturonan, and xyloglucan, compared to parenchyma cells. A significant number of genes encoding proteins involved in pectin methylesterification and acetylation were upregulated in young collenchyma. Different gene isoforms encoding glycosyltransferases involved in RG-I biosynthesis were activated in both collenchyma and parenchyma, suggesting potential variations in RG-I structure and function across different primary cell walls. We identified a set of potential glycosyltransferases involved in RG-I biosynthesis in collenchyma and proposed synthase complexes for heteromannan and heteroxylan. The transcriptome data not only confirmed known biochemical traits of celery cell walls but also provided deeper insights into the peculiarities of cell wall polysaccharide metabolism, thereby helping to narrow down candidate genes for further molecular genetic studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Plant Cell Wall)
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12 pages, 4414 KiB  
Communication
Homogalacturonans and Hemicelluloses in the External Glands of Utricularia dichotoma Traps
by Bartosz J. Płachno, Małgorzata Kapusta, Marcin Feldo and Piotr Świątek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(23), 13124; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252313124 - 6 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1110
Abstract
The Utricularia (bladderworts) species are carnivorous plants that prey mainly on invertebrates using traps (bladders) of leaf origin. On the outer surfaces of the trap, there are dome-shaped glands (capitate trichomes). Each such trichome consists of a basal cell, a pedestal cell, and [...] Read more.
The Utricularia (bladderworts) species are carnivorous plants that prey mainly on invertebrates using traps (bladders) of leaf origin. On the outer surfaces of the trap, there are dome-shaped glands (capitate trichomes). Each such trichome consists of a basal cell, a pedestal cell, and a terminal cell. During the maturation of these external glands, there are changes in the cell wall of the terminal cell of the gland (deposited layers of secondary wall material). Thus, due to changes in the cell wall, these glands are excellent models for studying the specialization of cell walls. The main aim of this study was to check whether different cell wall layers in terminal gland cells have a different composition in the case of homogalacturonans (low-methylesterified HGs, fully de-esterified HGs, and galactan) and hemicelluloses (galactoxyloglucan, xyloglucan, and xylan). The antibodies were used against cell wall components (anti-pectins JIM5, JIM7, LM19, CCRC-M38, and LM5 and anti-hemicelluloses LM25, LM15, CCRC-M1, and CCRC-M138). The localization of the examined compounds was determined using immunohistochemistry techniques, Carbotrace 680, and Calcofluor White. Our study showed the presence of various components in the cell walls of external gland cells: methylesterified and demethylesterified homogalacturonans, galactan, xylan, galactoxyloglucan, and xyloglucan. In the terminal cell, the primary cell wall contains different pectins in contrast to the secondary wall material, which is rich in cellulose and hemicelluloses. We also found that the basal cell differs from the other gland cells by the presence of galactan in the cell wall, which resembles the epidermal cells and parenchyma of traps. A particularly noteworthy part of the cell wall functions as a Casparian strip in the pedestal cell. Here, we found no labeling with Carbotrace 680, possibly due to cell wall modification or cell wall chemical composition variation. We have shown that the apoplastic space formed by the cell walls of the terminal cell is mainly composed of cellulose and hemicelluloses (galactoxyloglucan and xyloglucan). This composition of the cell walls allows the easy uptake of components from the external environment. Our research supports the external glands’ function as hydropotens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Plant Cell Wall)
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31 pages, 10629 KiB  
Article
Cellooligomer/CELLOOLIGOMER RECEPTOR KINASE1 Signaling Exhibits Crosstalk with PAMP-Triggered Immune Responses and Sugar Metabolism in Arabidopsis Roots
by Akanksha Gandhi, Michael Reichelt, Alexandra Furch, Axel Mithöfer and Ralf Oelmüller
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063472 - 19 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1971
Abstract
The degradation of cellulose generates cellooligomers, which function as damage-associated molecular patterns and activate immune and cell wall repair responses via the CELLOOLIGOMER RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CORK1). The most active cellooligomer for the induction of downstream responses is cellotriose, while cellobiose is around 100 [...] Read more.
The degradation of cellulose generates cellooligomers, which function as damage-associated molecular patterns and activate immune and cell wall repair responses via the CELLOOLIGOMER RECEPTOR KINASE1 (CORK1). The most active cellooligomer for the induction of downstream responses is cellotriose, while cellobiose is around 100 times less effective. These short-chain cellooligomers are also metabolized after uptake into the cells. In this study, we demonstrate that CORK1 is mainly expressed in the vascular tissue of the upper, fully developed part of the roots. Cellooligomer/CORK1-induced responses interfere with chitin-triggered immune responses and are influenced by BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE1 and the receptor kinase FERONIA. The pathway also controls sugar transporter and metabolism genes and the phosphorylation state of these proteins. Furthermore, cellotriose-induced ROS production and WRKY30/40 expression are controlled by the sugar transporters SUCROSE-PROTON SYMPORTER1, SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER11 (SWEET11), and SWEET12. Our data demonstrate that cellooligomer/CORK1 signaling is integrated into the pattern recognition receptor network and coupled to the primary sugar metabolism in Arabidopsis roots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Plant Cell Wall)
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20 pages, 5631 KiB  
Article
Based on Transcriptome Sequencing of Cell Wall Deficient Strain, Research on Arabinosyltransferase Inhibition’s Effect on the Synthesis of Cell Wall in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
by Wenhua Zhang, Menghui Shang, Lexin Qiu, Bin Liu and Xiaonan Zang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17595; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417595 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1359
Abstract
To explore the key genes involved in cell wall synthesis and understand the molecular mechanism of cell wall assembly in the model alga-Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, transcriptome sequencing was used to discover the differentially expressed genes in the cell wall defective strain. In [...] Read more.
To explore the key genes involved in cell wall synthesis and understand the molecular mechanism of cell wall assembly in the model alga-Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, transcriptome sequencing was used to discover the differentially expressed genes in the cell wall defective strain. In the glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism pathways, the gene expressions involved in the synthesis of cell wall functional components were analyzed. The results showed that in the cell wall defective strain, arabinosyltransferase gene (XEG113, RRA) related to synthesis of plant extensin and some cell wall structural protein genes (hyp, PHC19, PHC15, PHC4, PHC3) were up-regulated, 1,3-β-glucan synthase gene (Gls2) and endoglucanase gene (EG2) about synthesis and degradation of glycoskeleton were both mainly up-regulated. Then, ethambutol dihydrochloride, an arabinosyltransferase inhibitor, was found to affect the permeability of the cell wall of the normal strain, while the cell wall deficient strain was not affected. To further research the function of arabinosyltransferase, the RRA gene was inactivated by knockout in the normal cell wall algal strain. Through a combination of microscope observation and physiological index detection, it was found that the cell wall of the mutant strains showed reduced structure levels, suggesting that the structure and function of the cell wall glycoprotein were weakened. Therefore, arabinosyltransferase may affect the glycosylation modification of cell wall glycoprotein, further affecting the structure assembly of cell wall glycoprotein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Plant Cell Wall)
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23 pages, 4886 KiB  
Article
Rhamnogalacturonan I with β-(1,4)-Galactan Side Chains as an Ever-Present Component of Tertiary Cell Wall of Plant Fibers
by Tatyana Chernova, Polina Mikshina, Anna Petrova, Nadezhda Ibragimova, Marina Ageeva and Tatyana Gorshkova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17253; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417253 - 8 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1848
Abstract
The cellulose-enriched tertiary cell walls present in many plant fibers have specific composition, architecture, machinery of formation, and function. To better understand the mechanisms underlying their mode of action and to reveal the peculiarities of fibers from different plant species, it is necessary [...] Read more.
The cellulose-enriched tertiary cell walls present in many plant fibers have specific composition, architecture, machinery of formation, and function. To better understand the mechanisms underlying their mode of action and to reveal the peculiarities of fibers from different plant species, it is necessary to more deeply characterize the major components. Next to overwhelming cellulose, rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) is considered to be the key polymer of the tertiary cell wall; however, it has been isolated and biochemically characterized in very few plant species. Here, we add RG-I to the list from the phloem fibers of the Phaseolus vulgaris stem that was isolated and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering, and immunolabeling, both within tissue and as an isolated polymer. Additionally, fibers with tertiary cell walls from nine species of dicotyledonous plants from the orders Malphigiales, Fabales, and Rosales were labeled with RG-I-related antibodies to check the presence of the polymer and compare the in situ presentation of its backbone and side chains. The obtained results confirm that RG-I is an obligatory polymer of the tertiary cell wall. However, there are differences in the structure of this polymer from various plant sources, and these peculiarities may be taxonomically related. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Research on Plant Cell Wall)
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