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New Insights into the Immunopathology of Autoimmune and Drug Induced Liver Injury

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 2087

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eleni Geladari

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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45–47 Ipsilantou Str., 10676 Athens, Greece
Interests: antibiotic resistance, drug-resistant infections, rising global temperature, humidity, air pollution, heat-resistant bacteria, bacterial epigenetics, pandemic Vibrio infections, Infections due to Candida auris, soil microbes, greenhouse gases etc.
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit innovative and scientifically valuable papers for inclusion in the Special Issue "New Insights into the Immunopathology of Autoimmune and Drug Induced Liver Injury" of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. The study of "how, when and why" the immune system is activated in response to environmental agents, due to air pollutants, xenobiotics or even drug preparations, whether medical in nature or sold over the counter, is an area of great scientific interest that is rapidly expanding. The variety in clinical, laboratory and histopathology profile, as well as in drug withdraw characteristics, depends on multiple immunogenic mechanisms. Clinical awareness of this syndrome is mandatory, since permanent immune activation is capable of damaging the liver parenchyma, causing either an indolent chronic liver disease, a liver disease with exacerbations and remissions, or even acute or subacute fulminant failure, leading to death.

This Special Issue will help researchers and clinicians to recognize immune dysregulation early and take appropriate therapeutic measures to halt its progression. Awareness of this morbid pathogenesis and its clinical syndromes can be life-saving. We are particularly interested in studies reporting the agents responsible, as well as in those prescribing the pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to immune system chaos. Novel therapies should also be analyzed. Review articles, research articles, and interesting short communications are welcome.

Dr. Eleni Geladari
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • liver disease
  • liver injury
  • immune system
  • immune dysregulation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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29 pages, 1056 KiB  
Review
Drug-Induced Liver Injury—Pharmacological Spectrum Among Children
by Bianca Raluca Maris, Alina Grama and Tudor Lucian Pop
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 2006; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26052006 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1607
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the main causes of acute liver failure in children. Its incidence is probably underestimated, as specific diagnostic tools are currently lacking. Over 1000 known drugs cause DILI, and the list is expanding. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the main causes of acute liver failure in children. Its incidence is probably underestimated, as specific diagnostic tools are currently lacking. Over 1000 known drugs cause DILI, and the list is expanding. The aim of this review is to describe DILI pathogenesis and emphasize the drugs accountable for child DILI in order to aid its recognition. Intrinsic DILI is well described in terms of mechanism, incriminated drugs, and toxic dose. Conversely, idiosyncratic DILI (iDILI) is unpredictable, occurring as a result of a particular response to drug administration, and its occurrence cannot be foreseen in clinical studies. Half of pediatric iDILI cases are linked to antibiotics, mostly amoxicillin–clavulanate, in the immune-allergic group, while autoimmune DILI is the hallmark of minocycline and nitrofurantoin. Secondly, antiepileptics are responsible for 20% of pediatric iDILI cases, children being more prone to iDILI caused by these agents than adults. A similar tendency was observed in anti-tuberculosis drugs, higher incidences being reported in children below three years old. Current data show growing cases of iDILI related to antineoplastic agents, atomoxetine, and albendazole, so that it is advisable for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion regarding iDILI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Immunopathology of Autoimmune and Drug Induced Liver Injury)
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6 pages, 2548 KiB  
Case Report
Intrahepatic Lymphoid Follicles Comprising T and B Cells Mimic Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Hepatitis B Patient
by Ji Yeon Lee, Jaejun Lee and Pil Soo Sung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4823; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104823 - 18 May 2025
Viewed by 166
Abstract
Isolated intrahepatic lymphoid follicles (ILFs), also referred to as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, are rare benign lymphoid proliferations that can closely mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on imaging. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of hepatic mass lesions in chronic hepatitis B patients, particularly when [...] Read more.
Isolated intrahepatic lymphoid follicles (ILFs), also referred to as reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, are rare benign lymphoid proliferations that can closely mimic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on imaging. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of hepatic mass lesions in chronic hepatitis B patients, particularly when radiologic and serologic features raise concern for malignancy. A 60-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B presented with a liver mass, elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels, and imaging findings of heterogeneous arterial enhancement, all suggestive of HCC. Despite initial treatment with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, the lesion progressed, leading to an extended left hepatectomy. Histopathological examination revealed well-formed lymphoid follicles with reactive germinal centers, without evidence of malignancy or granulomatous inflammation. Serum IgG was elevated, and ANA was positive, supporting the possibility of an underlying immune-mediated process. The patient showed clinical and serologic improvement following corticosteroid therapy, with no evidence of recurrence at 10-month follow-up. This case underscores the importance of histopathological confirmation in hepatic masses with atypical features and highlights the need to consider benign immune-related mimickers in the differential diagnosis, particularly in the era of immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into the Immunopathology of Autoimmune and Drug Induced Liver Injury)
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