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Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer and Other Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 3286

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. General Hospital of Athens "Hippocratio", National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Medical Laboratories, School of Health & Caring Sciences, University of West Attica (UniWA), Egaleo, Greece
3. Institute of Molecular Medicine and Biomedical Research (IMBE), Athens, Greece
Interests: extracellular vesicles; precision medicine; development of novel biomarkers; drug vectors; immunotherapy; cholangiocarcinoma; HCC; biliary tract cancers; MASLD; chronic liver diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise highly heterogeneous nano-sized particles, encompassing exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, which have come into the spotlight in current oncological research due to their implications in cancer and their emerging role as next-generation diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. These vesicles are released by a wide variety of cells within the tumor and its microenvironment, playing a significant role in cell-to-cell crosstalk via their diverse embedded cargoes. These cargoes can modify the functional state of recipient cells and ultimately promote disease development and progression. A deeper understanding of their biological role in cancer, as well as in several other diseases, including neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, infectious, and autoimmune disorders, along with recent advancements in EV isolation, characterization, and engineering methodologies, will open up new horizons for the development of liquid-biopsy-based diagnostics and therapeutic tools. We welcome state-of-the-art research and high-impact contributions regarding EV-mediated diagnostics and therapeutics in oncology and other disease contexts in this Special Issue entitled “Multifaceted Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer and Other Diseases.”

Dr. Eleni Myrto Trifylli
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • exosomes
  • cancer diagnostics
  • non-invasive tests
  • liquid biopsy
  • cancer therapy
  • biomarker discovery
  • nanotechnology
  • EV engineering
  • drug delivery
  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • infectious diseases
  • autoimmune diseases
  • precision diagnostics

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1252 KB  
Communication
Secretion of Extracellular Microvesicles Induced by a Fraction of Escherichia coli: Possible Role in Ovarian Cancer with Bacterial Coinfections
by Francisco Sierra-López, Juan Carlos Fernández-Hernández, Lidia Baylón-Pacheco, Verónica Ivonne Hernández-Ramírez, Juan Carlos Bravata-Alcántara, Vanessa Iglesias-Vázquez, Susana Bernardo-Hernández, Daniel Medrano-Espinosa, Gustavo Acosta-Altamirano, Patricia Talamás-Rohana, José Luis Rosales-Encina and Mónica Sierra-Martínez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110653 - 1 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1048
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, contributing to its high mortality rate. The presence of concurrent bacterial infections in these patients is a common clinical observation, and the mechanisms by which this coinfection influences tumor progression are still not [...] Read more.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage, contributing to its high mortality rate. The presence of concurrent bacterial infections in these patients is a common clinical observation, and the mechanisms by which this coinfection influences tumor progression are still not fully understood. This study investigates the role of polydisperse extracellular vesicles (PEVs) secreted by OC cells in response to bacterial components, aiming to elucidate a potential communication pathway between OC and the bacterial microenvironment. We stimulated a human OC cell line in vitro with a fraction of E. coli. Our results show that this bacterial stimulation significantly increases the secretion of PEVs by cancer cells. A subsequent proteomic analysis of these PEVs revealed an enrichment of proteins, including filamin A, filamin B, alpha-enolase, and heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein. In addition, the PEVs displayed protease activity (on fibronectin and gelatin) and phosphatase activity against para-nitrophenyl phosphate, indicating their capacity to alter cellular signaling. This represents a novel mechanism through which bacterial coinfection may influence the biological behavior of OC if bacteria interact with tumor cells, potentially contributing to their aggressiveness and the challenges associated with their treatment. Our work highlights the importance of studying the interplay between the tumor and its associated microbiota to better understand ovarian cancer progression and identify new therapeutic targets. Full article
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Review

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42 pages, 4796 KB  
Review
Exploring the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Cancers: Advances Through Artificial Intelligence
by Eleni Myrto Trifylli, Athanasios Angelakis, Sotirios P. Fortis, Anastasios G. Kriebardis, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, Evangelos Koustas, Panagiotis Sarantis, Michalis V. Karamouzis, Spilios Manolakopoulos and Melanie Deutsch
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031524 - 4 Feb 2026
Viewed by 639
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute an umbrella term for a wide variety of malignancies that are located in the digestive tract (esophageal, gastric, small and large intestine, anus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas), with 25% of total cancers and 35% of cancer-related deaths being attributed [...] Read more.
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute an umbrella term for a wide variety of malignancies that are located in the digestive tract (esophageal, gastric, small and large intestine, anus, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas), with 25% of total cancers and 35% of cancer-related deaths being attributed to them. An alarming trend of rising GI malignancy diagnoses, especially in younger age groups, underscores the need for discoveries in liquid-based biomarkers that facilitate both early detection and optimal disease management. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) not only constitute promising nano-sized biomarkers, but also, via bioengineering, have shown a great therapeutic potential, with artificial intelligence (AI) revolutionizing their research via the selection of the best biomarkers from omics, the recognition of pathophysiological patterns, and facilitating a faster drug-development via AI-driven EV engineering, drug delivery modeling, and target identification. In this review, we will provide a clear insight into the implementation of AI methodologies in EV-based biomarker discovery and therapeutics for pancreatic and hepatobiliary cancer. Full article
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35 pages, 1739 KB  
Review
Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Liver Regeneration: Current Status and Future Directions
by Seohyun Choi and Jaemin Jeong
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020619 - 7 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1257
Abstract
The global burden of acute and chronic liver diseases warrants safe and effective regenerative therapies that can complement or defer liver transplantation. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as versatile biologics that modulate inflammation, reverse fibrosis, and promote hepatic repair predominantly through [...] Read more.
The global burden of acute and chronic liver diseases warrants safe and effective regenerative therapies that can complement or defer liver transplantation. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized as versatile biologics that modulate inflammation, reverse fibrosis, and promote hepatic repair predominantly through paracrine signaling. In hepatic milieu, MSCs act on hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, endothelial cells, and immune cell subsets through trophic factors and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Despite demonstrating hepatocyte-like differentiation of MSCs, their in vivo efficacy is primarily attributed to micro-environmental reprogramming rather than durable engraftment. This review covers MSC biology, liver regeneration, and cell-based versus EV therapies, including administration, dosing, quality, and safety. Future directions focus on biomarkers, multi-center trials, and engineered MSC/EV platforms for scalable personalized liver regeneration. Full article
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