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Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2016) | Viewed by 70893

Special Issue Editor

Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
Interests: photobiology; skin aging; sleep/circadian rhythm; sun protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sleep is essential to the human body and is partly controlled by a diurnal rhythm. While the master clock resides in the hypothalamus, peripheral clocks are known to participate in harmonizing biologic responses. Similar to other organs, the skin demonstrates circadian variation with regard to certain functions. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts express clock genes and proteins. Overall, very little is known about the impact of sleep and circadian rhythm on cutaneous physiology or pathology. However there is preliminary evidence that this interaction may be more critical than what we currently perceive. For example, we have shown that there is a difference in the transepidermal water loss of women who have good quality sleep versus those who have poor quality sleep. Similarly, we have found that there is a diurnal pattern in the skin’s susceptibility to ultraviolet-light induced erythema. The circadian variation of skin temperature is also a well-known phenomenon. Therefore, it is likely that sleep and circadian physiology could be participating in various cutaneous processes. We invite you to contribute original articles that focus on the sleep and circadian rhythm on cutaneous physiology or pathology.

Prof. Dr. Elma Baron
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • circadian rhythm and skin
  • sleep and skin
  • clock genes and skin
  • skin aging
  • skin cancer
  • circadian rhythm and inflammation
  • sleep and inflammation
  • melatonin
  • oxidative stress
  • clock proteins and skin

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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408 KiB  
Article
Psychopathological Variables and Sleep Quality in Psoriatic Patients
by Maria Luca, Antonina Luca, Maria Letizia Musumeci, Federica Fiorentini, Giuseppe Micali and Carmela Calandra
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(7), 1184; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071184 - 21 Jul 2016
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5429
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease frequently associated with psychiatric disturbances and sleep disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of depression, interaction anxiety, audience anxiety, and sleep quality in psoriatic patients. One hundred and two psoriatic patients were enrolled [...] Read more.
Psoriasis is an inflammatory disease frequently associated with psychiatric disturbances and sleep disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of depression, interaction anxiety, audience anxiety, and sleep quality in psoriatic patients. One hundred and two psoriatic patients were enrolled and underwent the following questionnaires: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS), Audience Anxiousness Scale (AAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The severity of skin lesions was assessed by Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). The presence of a link between clinical variables and with demographic data has been investigated. Psoriasis was linked to depression, interaction and audience anxiety, as well as to poor sleep quality; 37.5% of patients were depressed, 46.1% scored above 37 at the IAS, 47.1% scored above 33 at the AAS. Thirty-nine subjects (38.2%) presented a PSQI ≥ 5. An association between interaction anxiety and lower limbs psoriasis-related erythema as well as between PSQI and head psoriasis-related erythema was found, particularly among male patients. Hence, psoriatic patients should be assessed from a holistic point of view, in order to identify associated disorders that could benefit from targeted treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin)
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913 KiB  
Article
Peripheral Skin Temperature and Circadian Biological Clock in Shift Nurses after a Day off
by Massimo Bracci, Veronica Ciarapica, Alfredo Copertaro, Mariella Barbaresi, Nicola Manzella, Marco Tomasetti, Simona Gaetani, Federica Monaco, Monica Amati, Matteo Valentino, Venerando Rapisarda and Lory Santarelli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(5), 623; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050623 - 26 Apr 2016
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 9591
Abstract
The circadian biological clock is essentially based on the light/dark cycle. Some people working with shift schedules cannot adjust their sleep/wake cycle to the light/dark cycle, and this may result in alterations of the circadian biological clock. This study explored the circadian biological [...] Read more.
The circadian biological clock is essentially based on the light/dark cycle. Some people working with shift schedules cannot adjust their sleep/wake cycle to the light/dark cycle, and this may result in alterations of the circadian biological clock. This study explored the circadian biological clock of shift and daytime nurses using non-invasive methods. Peripheral skin temperature, cortisol and melatonin levels in saliva, and Per2 expression in pubic hair follicle cells were investigated for 24 h after a day off. Significant differences were observed in peripheral skin temperature and cortisol levels between shift and daytime nurses. No differences in melatonin levels were obtained. Per2 maximum values were significantly different between the two groups. Shift nurses exhibited lower circadian variations compared to daytime nurses, and this may indicate an adjustment of the circadian biological clock to continuous shift schedules. Non-invasive procedures, such as peripheral skin temperature measurement, determination of cortisol and melatonin in saliva, and analysis of clock genes in hair follicle cells, may be effective approaches to extensively study the circadian clock in shift workers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin)
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Review

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3000 KiB  
Review
Biological Rhythms in the Skin
by Mary S. Matsui, Edward Pelle, Kelly Dong and Nadine Pernodet
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(6), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060801 - 24 May 2016
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 14653
Abstract
Circadian rhythms, ≈24 h oscillations in behavior and physiology, are reflected in all cells of the body and function to optimize cellular functions and meet environmental challenges associated with the solar day. This multi-oscillatory network is entrained by the master pacemaker located in [...] Read more.
Circadian rhythms, ≈24 h oscillations in behavior and physiology, are reflected in all cells of the body and function to optimize cellular functions and meet environmental challenges associated with the solar day. This multi-oscillatory network is entrained by the master pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, which directs an organism’s rhythmic expression of physiological functions and behavior via a hierarchical system. This system has been highly conserved throughout evolution and uses transcriptional–translational autoregulatory loops. This master clock, following environmental cues, regulates an organism’s sleep pattern, body temperature, cardiac activity and blood pressure, hormone secretion, oxygen consumption and metabolic rate. Mammalian peripheral clocks and clock gene expression have recently been discovered and are present in all nucleated cells in our body. Like other essential organ of the body, the skin also has cycles that are informed by this master regulator. In addition, skin cells have peripheral clocks that can function autonomously. First described in 2000 for skin, this review summarizes some important aspects of a rapidly growing body of research in circadian and ultradian (an oscillation that repeats multiple times during a 24 h period) cutaneous rhythms, including clock mechanisms, functional manifestations, and stimuli that entrain or disrupt normal cycling. Some specific relationships between disrupted clock signaling and consequences to skin health are discussed in more depth in the other invited articles in this IJMS issue on Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin)
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210 KiB  
Review
Overview of Common Sleep Disorders and Intersection with Dermatologic Conditions
by Harneet K. Walia and Reena Mehra
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(5), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050654 - 30 Apr 2016
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 7515
Abstract
Sleep disorders are very common, often under-recognized and therefore undertreated, are associated with a myriad of medical conditions and could lead to significant impairment of quality of life. This review provides an up-to-date synopsis of common sleep disorders encompassing insufficient sleep syndrome, insomnia, [...] Read more.
Sleep disorders are very common, often under-recognized and therefore undertreated, are associated with a myriad of medical conditions and could lead to significant impairment of quality of life. This review provides an up-to-date synopsis of common sleep disorders encompassing insufficient sleep syndrome, insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders and obstructive sleep apnea with a brief overview of epidemiology, screening, diagnostic testing and treatment. We also emphasize the emerging area of the intersection of sleep disorders and dermatologic conditions and present compelling data regarding underlying mechanisms including sleep dysfunction in relation to disorders of skin inflammation, aging and skin cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin)
609 KiB  
Review
Circadian Dysrhythmias, Physiological Aberrations, and the Link to Skin Cancer
by Daniel Gutierrez and Joshua Arbesman
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(5), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050621 - 26 Apr 2016
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 6726
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are core regulators of a variety of mammalian physiologic processes and oscillate in a 24-h pattern. Many peripheral organs possess endogenous rhythmicity that is then modulated by a master clock; the skin is one of these peripheral organs. The dysregulation of [...] Read more.
Circadian rhythms are core regulators of a variety of mammalian physiologic processes and oscillate in a 24-h pattern. Many peripheral organs possess endogenous rhythmicity that is then modulated by a master clock; the skin is one of these peripheral organs. The dysregulation of rhythms is associated with decreased ability to ameliorate cellular stressors at a local and global level, which then increases the propensity for the development of neoplastic growths. In this article, we review the implications of altered circadian rhythms on DNA repair as well as modified gene expression of core clock proteins with particular focus on skin models. These findings are then correlated with epidemiologic data regarding skin cancer to showcase the effects of circadian disruption on this phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin)
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1056 KiB  
Review
Mechanism of Sleep Disturbance in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and the Role of the Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin
by Yung-Sen Chang and Bor-Luen Chiang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(4), 462; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040462 - 29 Mar 2016
Cited by 67 | Viewed by 13696
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is common in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a major factor leading to impaired quality of life in these patients and could have negative effects on neurocognitive function and behavior. However, the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in children with [...] Read more.
Sleep disturbance is common in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a major factor leading to impaired quality of life in these patients and could have negative effects on neurocognitive function and behavior. However, the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in children with AD is poorly understood, and there is no consensus on how to manage sleep problems in these patients. Pruritus and scratching could lead to sleep disruption but is unlikely the sole etiology. The circadian rhythm of cytokines, the immune system, and skin physiology such as transcutaneous water loss and skin blood flow might also play a role. Recent studies have suggested that melatonin could also be involved due to its multiple effects on sleep, immunomodulation, and anti-oxidant ability. Environmental factors should also be considered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in children with AD, and discuss possible therapeutic implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin)
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568 KiB  
Review
Nocturnal Pruritus: The Battle for a Peaceful Night’s Sleep
by Michael Joseph Lavery, Carolyn Stull, Michael Owen Kinney and Gil Yosipovitch
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17(3), 425; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17030425 - 22 Mar 2016
Cited by 82 | Viewed by 12040
Abstract
Chronic pruritus is a debilitating condition with numerous etiologies. Many patients suffer from nocturnal pruritus, which can decrease quality of life and affect mortality in hemodialysis patients. Nocturnal pruritus may occur in all sleep stages but is most prevalent in stages N1 and [...] Read more.
Chronic pruritus is a debilitating condition with numerous etiologies. Many patients suffer from nocturnal pruritus, which can decrease quality of life and affect mortality in hemodialysis patients. Nocturnal pruritus may occur in all sleep stages but is most prevalent in stages N1 and N2. Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of nocturnal itch, which will aid in the development of tailored management strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep, Circadian Rhythm and Skin)
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