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Molecular Mechanisms of Genetic Variants of Parkinson’s Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 1578

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
Interests: Parkinson's; Alzheimer's

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the years, scientists have studied DNA from people with Parkinson's, comparing their genes. They discovered dozens of gene mutations linked to Parkinson's. These genes are now being researched and studied for what role they play in Parkinson's.

Researchers are only beginning to understand the role genes play in Parkinson's—like if certain genes cause Parkinson's and how other genes may protect some people from developing it.

In 1996, the first report suggesting a possible relationship between Gaucher disease (GD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) was published in QJM, with the clinical observation that, in patients with both diagnoses, GD was relatively mild whereas PD was more severe, with an earlier age of onset and with a faster rate of deterioration compared with non-GD-related PD. Subsequently, it has become apparent that the increased risk of PD also applies to carriers of GD (GBA1 carriers) and is greater in individuals with gene variations other than N370S. This association has become textbook knowledge, with GBA1-related PD being described as an autosomal dominant disorder. Understanding the underlying pathological processes leading to the development of this neurodegenerative disorder at the molecular and cellular levels in 3 to 15% of GBA1 carriers should allow for the development of specific interventions, as is already happening; the controversy between competing hypotheses of loss of function (haploinsufficiency) versus gain of function has translated into different therapeutic approaches: substrate reduction therapy or in vivo gene therapy are being investigated on the one hand, while those supporting the gain-of-function mechanism are examining pharmacological chaperones able to cross the blood–brain barrier as a therapeutic modality. It is now time to consider testing individuals at risk for prodromal PD, with the early introduction of disease-modifying agents to aid in PD prevention.

Our Special Issue will accept papers covering all aspects of genetic variants of Parkinson's disease. Please note for IJMS's paper, clinical trials, and animal and cell testings are eligible only if they are strongly needed to support hypotheses or theories concerning structure–function correlations and are not suitable if no molecular aspects are considered.

Prof. Dr. Michael Schlossmacher
Prof. Dr. Ari Zimran
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • DNA
  • PD prevention
  • genetic variants of Parkinson's disease

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 569 KiB  
Article
Olfactory Perception in Parkinson’s Disease: The Impact of GBA1 Variants (Sidransky Syndrome)
by Mikhal E. Cohen, Yosef Shechter, Melania Dominko, Elena Shulman, Tama Dinur, Shoshana Revel-Vilk, Roni Eichel, Gilad Yahalom and Michal Becker-Cohen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5258; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115258 - 30 May 2025
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with GBA1 mutations—recently termed Sidransky syndrome—differs from idiopathic PD (iPD) by earlier onset, more rapid progression, and higher rates of non-motor symptoms. Our objective was to assess whether GBA1 mutations contribute to olfactory dysfunction in PD and in asymptomatic [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated with GBA1 mutations—recently termed Sidransky syndrome—differs from idiopathic PD (iPD) by earlier onset, more rapid progression, and higher rates of non-motor symptoms. Our objective was to assess whether GBA1 mutations contribute to olfactory dysfunction in PD and in asymptomatic carriers of the mutation. We compared olfactory and motor functions in 119 participants: Sidransky syndrome (n = 18), iPD (n = 30), GBA1 variant carriers without PD (n = 21), Gaucher disease patients (n = 20), and healthy controls (n = 30). All were evaluated with the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT®) and the motor part of the Movement Disorders Society Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-mUPDRS). Mean age was 59.2 ± 11.7 years. Mean disease duration was 2.5 ± 2.2 years in Sidransky syndrome and 5.4 ± 4.9 years in iPD. We found that both PD groups had significantly lower BSIT® scores than non-PD groups (p < 0.001), particularly for leather, smoke, natural gas, pineapple, clove, rose, and lemon. Sidransky syndrome patients scored lower than iPD patients (p = 0.04). No significant olfactory deficits were observed in GBA1 carriers or Gaucher patients without PD. We conclude that hyposmia is more pronounced in Sidransky syndrome than in iPD. However, normal olfaction in non-parkinsonian GBA1 carriers suggests that GBA1 variants alone do not account for olfactory loss in PD. Hyposmia likely reflects broader PD pathology rather than a direct effect of the GBA1 mutation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Genetic Variants of Parkinson’s Disease)
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7 pages, 428 KiB  
Commentary
Sidransky Syndrome—GBA1-Related Parkinson’s Disease and Its Targeted Therapies
by Majdolen Istaiti, Gilad Yahalom, Mikhal Cohen, Volha Skrahina, Aliaksandr Skrahin, Jan Lukas, Arndt Rolfs and Ari Zimran
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3435; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073435 - 6 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Sidransky syndrome represents a distinct variant of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that is linked to pathogenic variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene. This disorder exhibits an earlier onset, a more severe course, and a higher dementia prevalence compared to idiopathic PD. While [...] Read more.
Sidransky syndrome represents a distinct variant of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that is linked to pathogenic variants in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene. This disorder exhibits an earlier onset, a more severe course, and a higher dementia prevalence compared to idiopathic PD. While the pathogenesis remains debated between loss-of-function and gain-of-function mechanisms, targeted therapies are emerging. Pharmacological chaperones (PCs), like high-dose Ambroxol, aim to mitigate enzyme misfolding—a primary driver of this disorder—rather than addressing metabolic deficiencies seen in Gaucher disease. Despite failed trials of substrate reduction therapies, current clinical trials with Ambroxol and other PCs highlight promising avenues for disease modification. This commentary advocates for increased awareness of Sidransky syndrome to advance diagnostic strategies, promote genetic testing, and refine targeted treatments, with the potential to transform care for GBA1-related PD and prodromal stages of the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Genetic Variants of Parkinson’s Disease)
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