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New Insights in Biomarkers of Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 2397

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Sezione di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
2. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: immunology; autoimmunity; inflammation; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The deregulation of innate and adaptive immune systems affects 5% of the worldwide population, with a high impact in terms of clinical impairment, morbidity, and, due to chronic conditions, a significant economic burden in the long run. Inflammation, the crux of innate immunity, is a mediator of effects that may be involved or in itself deregulated in the absence of an auto-immune attack, allowing for the precipitation of conditions included under the umbrella of autoinflammatory diseases. Accordingly, cellular and molecular biomarkers are largely involved in the diagnosis, prognosis, response to therapies, and follow-up, providing a prediction of changes in disease activity. Taking into account individual and genetic susceptibility as well as the wide range of environment risk factors involved in pathogenesis, research to set-up and validate novel, effective, and personalised biomarkers of autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions is vital. This Special Issue is devoted to showcasing the most recent results aimed at exploiting the clinical potential of biomarkers that measure disordered immune response.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Innate immunity;
  • Adaptive immunity;
  • Inflammation;
  • Immunoglobulins;
  • Autoantibodies;
  • Free light chains;
  • Peptides;
  • Cytokines;
  • Receptors;
  • Leukocytes;
  • Extracellular vesicles;
  • Signal transduction;
  • Inflammaging;
  • Inflammasome.

Dr. Mariapaola Marino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammaging
  • inflammasome
  • autoantibodies
  • free light chains
  • cytokines
  • receptor
  • signal transduction
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1245 KB  
Article
Reduced Expression of m6A Demethylases FTO and ALKBH5 in Monocytes from the Site of Inflammation in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
by Hisham I. Abu-Tawil, Lucas W. Picavet, Ellen C. N. van Vroonhoven, Alejandra Bodelón, Rianne C. Scholman, Nienke ter Haar, Arjan Boltjes, Sebastiaan J. Vastert and Jorg van Loosdregt
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 9248; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26189248 - 22 Sep 2025
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Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has recently emerged as a post-transcriptional modulator governing cell-specific gene expression in innate immune cells, particularly in monocytes. Disruptions in m6A homeostasis, manifested as the altered expression of m6A-related proteins and m6 [...] Read more.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has recently emerged as a post-transcriptional modulator governing cell-specific gene expression in innate immune cells, particularly in monocytes. Disruptions in m6A homeostasis, manifested as the altered expression of m6A-related proteins and m6A levels, have been implicated in autoimmune disorders. Perturbations in m6A dynamics within total Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have shown strong correlations with disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It remains unclear in which specific cell type(s) m6A homeostasis is disturbed, and also whether other rheumatic diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) show similar features. Here, we assess the involvement of m6A and m6A-regulatory proteins in JIA monocytes. Notably, the diminished expression of m6A-eraser proteins FTO and ALKBH5 was observed in JIA monocytes extracted from the inflamed joint. This resulted in increased m6A-methylated transcripts in monocytes from these patients. Correspondingly, we observed that culturing monocytes in the presence of synovial fluid from JIA inflamed joints reduced the expression of both FTO and ALKBH5. The knock-out of FTO in human monocytes of healthy controls increased monocyte activation, indicating the relevance of FTO and m6A in the context of JIA. These findings underscore the potential of ALKBH5 and FTO expression as a biomarker in JIA and identify the m6A machinery as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of JIA and possibly other autoimmune diseases in the future. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 1107 KB  
Review
Monoclonal Antibodies: Historical Perspective and Current Trends in Biological Drug Development
by Barbara Madej, Filip Tomaszewski, Dagmara Szmajda-Krygier, Rafał Świechowski, Agnieszka Jeleń and Marek Mirowski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 8794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26188794 - 10 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, play a key role in the body’s immune response, binding to specific molecular targets. Of the five classes of antibodies, IgG has found the greatest clinical application. The article presents the mechanisms of antibody action, including interactions with FcR [...] Read more.
Antibodies, also called immunoglobulins, play a key role in the body’s immune response, binding to specific molecular targets. Of the five classes of antibodies, IgG has found the greatest clinical application. The article presents the mechanisms of antibody action, including interactions with FcR receptors on leukocytes, complement activation, and direct cytotoxic interactions, as well as the main methods of antibody production, which include hybridoma technology, phage display, and production using transgenic animals and their modifications, which allowed for the production of antibodies with reduced immunogenicity and increased their effectiveness and safety of use. It also characterizes various types of antibodies and presents the differences between them resulting from the structure and content of individual protein domains encoded by human genes and genes from other species. Antibodies are currently one of the most important groups of biological drugs used in the treatment of autoimmune, infectious, and neoplastic diseases. The properties of these large biomolecules and the achievements in the field of obtaining and modifying antibodies mean that they are currently the subject of many studies. New forms of antibodies, such as antibody–drug conjugates with highly potent cytotoxic agents, bispecific antibodies, and nanobodies, demonstrate an innovative approach to the treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases. The dynamic development of the antibody market indicates its growing importance in modern pharmacy and medicine. Further research in this area may lead to the development of more effective and precise therapies, as well as to increase the safety of their use. Full article
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