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Molecular Insights Into the Toxicology of Heavy Metals

A Special Issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067) belonging to the section "Molecular Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 440

Editor

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
Interests: chronic kidney injury; environmental exposure; heavy metal toxicology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heavy metal exposure remains a significant global health concern due to its widespread environmental distribution and long-term biological toxicity. Metals such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead can disrupt cellular homeostasis through multiple molecular mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic regulation, and immune dysregulation. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in modulating host responses to heavy metal exposure. Microbial metabolism can influence metal bioavailability, detoxification, and host metabolic pathways, thereby affecting toxicity outcomes.

Recent studies have also highlighted the importance of mitochondrial signaling and host–microbiome interactions in mediating the cellular and systemic effects of heavy metals. Understanding these mechanisms may provide new insights into disease susceptibility and potential therapeutic strategies.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent advances in the molecular mechanisms underlying heavy metal toxicology, including microbiome-mediated toxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, immune regulation, and novel strategies for prevention and intervention.

Dr. Di Ran
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • heavy metal toxicology
  • environmental exposure
  • gut microbiome
  • mitochondrial dysfunction

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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21 pages, 4219 KB  
Article
Distinct Interactions of Arsenite and Cadmium with Metal Homeostasis and the Cellular Stress Response in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells
by Martin Link, Jana Kuhn, Marlene Parsdorfer and Andrea Hartwig
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(17), 7809; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27177809 - 31 Aug 2026
Viewed by 157
Abstract
Although exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and inorganic arsenic has declined in recent decades, they remain prevalent environmental contaminants in food, drinking water, and tobacco smoke. This study aimed to identify and compare molecular endpoints of arsenite and cadmium toxicity at [...] Read more.
Although exposure to heavy metals such as cadmium and inorganic arsenic has declined in recent decades, they remain prevalent environmental contaminants in food, drinking water, and tobacco smoke. This study aimed to identify and compare molecular endpoints of arsenite and cadmium toxicity at the gene and protein expression levels, with a focus on metal homeostasis, the oxidative stress response and redox-regulated processes. Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were used as an in vitro model. First, the appropriate exposure conditions were defined by assessing cytotoxicity and intracellular metal accumulation. The cells were then incubated with 1–10 µM NaAsO2 or 1–5 µM CdCl2 for 24 h, after which gene and protein expression were analyzed. When compared to arsenite, cadmium was a markedly stronger inducer of metallothionein (MT) expression, indicating distinct effects on metal homeostasis. Both metals induced a concentration-dependent upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes. Cadmium led to a stronger activation of NF-κB signaling, while arsenite decreased selenoprotein-associated gene expression and affected genes involved ferroptosis regulation. Differences in gene and protein expression patterns were also observed, suggesting that transcriptional responses do not necessarily translate into corresponding changes at the protein level after 24 h. These findings highlight shared and compound-specific mechanisms, as well as the importance of multi-level analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights Into the Toxicology of Heavy Metals)
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