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Advances in Molecular Pathology and Treatment of Breast Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 2825

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Oncology, Mohammed VI Faculty of Medicine, Mohammed VI University of Sciences and Health, Casablanca, Morocco
Interests: breast cancer; thoracic oncology; precision medicine; molecular pathology; antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs); immunotherapy; liquid biopsy (ctDNA); oligometastatic disease; clinical guidelines

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The landscape of breast cancer management is being radically reshaped by discoveries in molecular pathology. Understanding the intricate biology of different subtypes, HR+/HER2−, HER2+, and TNBC, is no longer just prognostic but now fundamentally directive for therapy. From the development of novel ADCs and targeted agents to the integration of liquid biopsy for dynamic monitoring, these advances promise a more personalized and effective approach for patients across all disease stages. This Special Issue seeks to capture this pivotal moment of translation from molecular insight to clinical practice.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive forum for disseminating cutting-edge research on the integration of molecular pathology into all facets of breast cancer care. It aligns perfectly with the scope of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences by focusing on the molecular mechanisms driving the disease and the therapeutic innovations they inspire. We welcome contributions that explore how molecular profiling guides decisions in neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings, and how it helps in de-escalating or sequencing therapies to improve patient outcomes.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Molecular subtyping and its therapeutic implications in HR+/HER2−, HER2+, and TNBC.
  • The role of novel biomarkers, molecular signatures, and ctDNA in prognosis and treatment guidance.
  • The mechanism of action, efficacy, and resistance to next-generation ADCs.
  • Strategies for chemotherapy de-escalation through rational targeted combinations.
  • Management of oligometastatic disease based on molecular profile.
  • Novel targeted therapies for rare molecular subsets (ESR1, PIK3CA, BRCA mutations, HER2-low).
  • Mechanisms of resistance to endocrine therapy, CDK4/6 inhibitors, and immunotherapy.
  • Translational studies bridging molecular pathology with clinical trial outcomes.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Nabil Ismaili
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • breast cancer
  • molecular pathology
  • precision medicine
  • antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs)
  • circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)
  • targeted therapy
  • immunotherapy
  • treatment resistance
  • oligometastatic disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

43 pages, 4356 KB  
Review
A Systematic Review of Major Advances in Breast Cancer Therapeutics in 2025: Synthesis of Conference and Published Evidence
by Nabil Ismaili
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041971 - 19 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2540
Abstract
The year 2025 has been transformative in breast oncology, marked by the maturation of pivotal adjuvant trials, the introduction of novel ADCs, and the validation of proactive biomarker-driven strategies across all molecular subtypes. ASCO, ESMO, and SABCS contributed pivotal updates that further refined [...] Read more.
The year 2025 has been transformative in breast oncology, marked by the maturation of pivotal adjuvant trials, the introduction of novel ADCs, and the validation of proactive biomarker-driven strategies across all molecular subtypes. ASCO, ESMO, and SABCS contributed pivotal updates that further refined treatment paradigms. This systematic review synthesizes and critically evaluates pivotal Phase II/III clinical trials presented at major oncology conferences (ASCO 2025, ESMO 2025, SABCS 2025) and published in high-impact journals during 2025. A curated selection of pivotal Phase II/III trials, and major prospective trials published or presented in 2025 was performed. Data extraction focused on trial design, population, interventions, efficacy endpoints, and safety outcomes. Narrative synthesis was organized by disease stage and molecular subtype. Key 2025 findings (50 clinical trials) include: (1) confirmation of overall survival benefit with adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2− early breast cancer (monarchE: HR = 0.842, p = 0.0273); (2) establishment of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) as a new standard in high-risk HER2+ early disease (DESTINY-Breast05: IDFS HR = 0.47) and first-line metastatic settings (DESTINY-Breast09: PFS HR = 0.58); (3) validation of TROP2-directed ADCs as first-line therapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (ASCENT-03: PFS HR = 0.62; BEGONIA: ORR 79%); (4) paradigm shift to proactive, liquid biopsy-guided therapy switching (SERENA-6: PFS HR = 0.44); (5) updated efficacy and safety of the oral SERD imlunestrant from the EMBER-3 trial, supporting its role in ESR1-mutated advanced breast cancer and in combination with abemaciclib; (6) confirmation of long-term survival benefit for neoadjuvant carboplatin in early TNBC and new positive adjuvant data; (7) pivotal advances in HER2+ metastatic disease sequencing with tucatinib and T-DXd; (8) evidence supporting optimized adjuvant endocrine therapy in HER2+/HR+ early disease; and (9) emergence of novel agents with improved therapeutic indices, including PROTAC degraders, oral SERDs, and mutant-selective PI3K inhibitors. The 2025 evidence base has fundamentally reshaped breast cancer management, establishing new standards of care across all subtypes. Unifying themes include biomarker-driven personalization, strategic treatment sequencing, management of unique toxicities, and emphasis on patient-reported outcomes. Future challenges include optimizing treatment integration, managing financial toxicity, and ensuring equitable global access. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Molecular Pathology and Treatment of Breast Cancer)
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