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Lipoprotein Metabolism in Health and Disease (2nd Edition)
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Lipoprotein Metabolism in Health and Disease (2nd Edition)

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 5893

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Frances T. Yen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
INSERM UMR_S Acute and Chronic Cardiovascular Failure, DCAC, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lorraine, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
Interests: lipid homeostasis; lipoprotein receptors; dyslipidemias; obesity; brain aging; apolipoprotein E; Alzheimer’s disease; inflammation; atherosclerosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lipid homeostasis represents the coordination and regulation of numerous complex processes that work to ensure a balance between lipid influx and efflux in order to maintain the optimal lipid status required for normal cell function. As the vehicles that provide the means to deliver and transport both cholesterol and fatty acids as energy substrates to different tissues, lipoproteins are key in maintaining this balance. Lipoprotein metabolism relies on a number of enzymes, transfer proteins, apolipoproteins, and receptors to ensure the delivery and transport of lipids to different tissues. The imbalance or deregulation of lipid homeostasis can manifest as different forms of dyslipidemias, which can contribute to or serve as markers of the physiopathology of a number of diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the advances in the field of lipoprotein metabolism in the past few decades, the causal relationship between lipoproteins and these different pathologies remains under active investigation.

The aim of this Special Issue is to highlight new discoveries and present up-to-date reviews in order to further enrich our understanding of the role of lipoprotein metabolism in different physiopathologies ranging from cardiovascular and metabolic to neurodegenerative diseases, and thus identify innovative strategies or therapeutics for the prevention or treatment of these pathologies.

Original articles or focused reviews addressing these topics will be considered for publication.

Dr. Frances T. Yen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • lipoproteins
  • lipoprotein receptors
  • lipid homeostasis
  • cholesterol
  • triglycerides
  • fatty acids
  • postprandial lipemia
  • inflammation
  • atherosclerosis
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • metabolic syndrome
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • neurodegenerative disease

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 558 KiB  
Article
Associations between Serum Kallistatin Levels and Markers of Glucose Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nondiabetic Obesity
by Hajnalka Lőrincz, Sára Csiha, Balázs Ratku, Sándor Somodi, Ferenc Sztanek, György Paragh and Mariann Harangi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 6264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25116264 - 6 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
Kallistatin is an endogenous serine proteinase inhibitor with various functions, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. To date, associations between kallistatin and lipoprotein subfractions are poorly investigated. In this study, we enrolled 62 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), 106 nondiabetic obese [...] Read more.
Kallistatin is an endogenous serine proteinase inhibitor with various functions, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic properties. To date, associations between kallistatin and lipoprotein subfractions are poorly investigated. In this study, we enrolled 62 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), 106 nondiabetic obese (NDO) subjects matched in gender, age, and body mass index, as well as 49 gender- and age-matched healthy, normal-weight controls. Serum kallistatin levels were measured with ELISA, and lipoprotein subfractions were analyzed using Lipoprint® (Quantimetrix Corp., Redondo Beach, CA, USA) gel electrophoresis. Kallistatin concentrations were significantly higher in T2D patients compared to NDO and control groups. We found significant positive correlations between very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions, glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), betatrophin, and kallistatin, while negative correlations were detected between mean low-density lipoprotein (LDL) size, large and intermediate HDL subfractions, and kallistatin in the whole study population. The best predictor of kallistatin was HbA1c in T2D patients, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and betatrophin in NDO patients, and hsCRP in controls. Our results indicate that kallistatin expression might be induced by persistent hyperglycemia in T2D, while in nondiabetic subjects, its production might be associated with systemic inflammation. The correlation of kallistatin with lipid subfractions may suggest its putative role in atherogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Metabolism in Health and Disease (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 1158 KiB  
Article
Serum Levels of Adiponectin Are Strongly Associated with Lipoprotein Subclasses in Healthy Volunteers but Not in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
by Iva Klobučar, Hansjörg Habisch, Lucija Klobučar, Matias Trbušić, Gudrun Pregartner, Andrea Berghold, Gerhard M. Kostner, Hubert Scharnagl, Tobias Madl, Saša Frank and Vesna Degoricija
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(9), 5050; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25095050 - 6 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1466
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a widespread disease in developed countries, accompanied, among others, by decreased adiponectin serum levels and perturbed lipoprotein metabolism. The associations between the serum levels of adiponectin and lipoproteins have been extensively studied in the past under healthy conditions, yet [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a widespread disease in developed countries, accompanied, among others, by decreased adiponectin serum levels and perturbed lipoprotein metabolism. The associations between the serum levels of adiponectin and lipoproteins have been extensively studied in the past under healthy conditions, yet it remains unexplored whether the observed associations also exist in patients with MS. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the serum levels of lipoprotein subclasses using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and examined their associations with the serum levels of adiponectin in patients with MS in comparison with healthy volunteers (HVs). In the HVs, the serum levels of adiponectin were significantly negatively correlated with the serum levels of large buoyant-, very-low-density lipoprotein, and intermediate-density lipoprotein, as well as small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and significantly positively correlated with large buoyant high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In patients with MS, however, adiponectin was only significantly correlated with the serum levels of phospholipids in total HDL and large buoyant LDL. As revealed through logistic regression and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analyses, high adiponectin serum levels were associated with low levels of small dense LDL and high levels of large buoyant HDL in the HVs as well as high levels of large buoyant LDL and total HDL in patients with MS. We conclude that the presence of MS weakens or abolishes the strong associations between adiponectin and the lipoprotein parameters observed in HVs and disturbs the complex interplay between adiponectin and lipoprotein metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Metabolism in Health and Disease (2nd Edition))
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Review

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21 pages, 1383 KiB  
Review
Relevance of Lipoprotein Composition in Endothelial Dysfunction and the Development of Hypertension
by Lisette Monsibaez Ramírez-Melo, Diego Estrada-Luna, María Esther Rubio-Ruiz, Araceli Castañeda-Ovando, Eduardo Fernández-Martínez, Angélica Saraí Jiménez-Osorio, Óscar Pérez-Méndez and Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 1125; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031125 - 28 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1254
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation are determining factors in the development and progression of chronic degenerative diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Among the shared pathophysiological characteristics of these two diseases is a metabolic disorder of lipids and lipoproteins. Therefore, the contents and [...] Read more.
Endothelial dysfunction and chronic inflammation are determining factors in the development and progression of chronic degenerative diseases, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Among the shared pathophysiological characteristics of these two diseases is a metabolic disorder of lipids and lipoproteins. Therefore, the contents and quality of the lipids and proteins of lipoproteins become the targets of therapeutic objective. One of the stages of lipoprotein formation occurs through the incorporation of dietary lipids by enterocytes into the chylomicrons. Consequently, the composition, structure, and especially the properties of lipoproteins could be modified through the intake of bioactive compounds. The objective of this review is to describe the roles of the different lipid and protein components of lipoproteins and their receptors in endothelial dysfunction and the development of hypertension. In addition, we review the use of some non-pharmacological treatments that could improve endothelial function and/or prevent endothelial damage. The reviewed information contributes to the understanding of lipoproteins as vehicles of regulatory factors involved in the modulation of inflammatory and hemostatic processes, the attenuation of oxidative stress, and the neutralization of toxins, rather than only cholesterol and phospholipid transporters. For this review, a bibliographic search was carried out in different online metabases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Metabolism in Health and Disease (2nd Edition))
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13 pages, 591 KiB  
Review
Lipoprotein(a) in Children and Adolescents: Risk or Causal Factor for Cardiovascular Disease? A Narrative Review
by Maria Elena Capra, Giacomo Biasucci, Giuseppe Banderali and Cristina Pederiva
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8817; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168817 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1254
Abstract
The evaluation of serum Lp(a) values in childhood and adolescence has been widely debated, and in the last few years, many authors have tried to better define Lp(a) role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, starting from childhood. In our narrative review, we have evaluated the [...] Read more.
The evaluation of serum Lp(a) values in childhood and adolescence has been widely debated, and in the last few years, many authors have tried to better define Lp(a) role in atherosclerosis pathogenesis, starting from childhood. In our narrative review, we have evaluated the main historical stages of Lp(a) studies in childhood, trying to focus on pathogenic mechanisms linked to elevated serum Lp(a) values, starting from ischemic stroke and vascular damage, and to its possible direct involvement in premature atherosclerosis from childhood onwards. Historic manuscripts on Lp(a) in pediatric patients have mainly focused on serum Lp(a) values and increased stroke risk. More recently, many studies have evaluated Lp(a) as a coronary vascular disease (CVD) risk factor starting from childhood, especially related to a positive family history of premature CVD. Finally, only a few studies evaluated the role of Lp(a) in premature atherosclerotic processes and endothelial and vascular damage in pediatric patients. Lastly, we have hypothesized a future perspective, with the hope that plasma Lp(a) levels will be treated with a tailored pharmacologic approach, and Lp(a) will become a precocious therapeutic target to control the atherosclerotic pathways from the first years of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipoprotein Metabolism in Health and Disease (2nd Edition))
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