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Gastrointestinal Disorder and Cancer: Biochemical and Molecular Insight

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2024) | Viewed by 2825

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
Interests: inflammation and cancer biology; immunology and bacterial pathogenesis; mitochondrial metabolism (OXPHOS); post-translational modification; reactive oxygen species; gastric diseases and carcinogenesis; dietary anti-inflammatory agents, protein purification

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The risk of cancer appears to evolve over time as a possible result of changes in dietary, environmental and lifestyle factors. However, the etiology of cancer is complex; bacterial variability, host genetic and environmental are the strongest risk factors for the development of carcinoma. Gastrointestinal cancers are among the highest death-causing cancers in the world. The incidence of these cancers was an estimated 4.8 million cases and 3.4 million deaths worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer is a group of cancers that affect the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal cancer includes esophageal, stomach, gallbladder, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, liver, pancreatic, colon, rectal and anal cancer. We aim to highlight new discoveries and advances in the mechanism, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of gastrointestinal cancer’s biochemical and molecular biology.

We encourage contributions that are focused on, but not limited to, the following themes:

  • Inflammation and cancer biology;
  • Anticancer study;
  • Signaling pathway;
  • Apoptosis;
  • Autophagy;
  • Necrosis;
  • Necroptosis;
  • Nanomedicine;
  • Molecular/cellular biology;
  • Immunology;
  • Infection and infectious agents;
  • Post-translational modification;
  • Innate immunity;
  • Host–pathogen interactions;
  • Cell proliferation;
  • Tumor.

We look forward to receiving your contributions and to compiling a valuable collection that will explore further developments in this ever-changing field.

Dr. Faisal Aziz
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 1345 KiB  
Article
Global Transcriptomic Analysis of Topical Sodium Alginate Protection against Peptic Damage in an In Vitro Model of Treatment-Resistant Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
by Pelin Ergun, Tina L. Samuels, Angela J. Mathison, Kate Plehhova, Cathal Coyle, Lizzie Horvath and Nikki Johnston
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10714; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910714 - 5 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1947
Abstract
Breakthrough symptoms are thought to occur in roughly half of all gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients despite maximal acid suppression (proton pump inhibitor, PPI) therapy. Topical alginates have recently been shown to enhance mucosal defense against acid-pepsin insult during GERD. We aimed to [...] Read more.
Breakthrough symptoms are thought to occur in roughly half of all gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients despite maximal acid suppression (proton pump inhibitor, PPI) therapy. Topical alginates have recently been shown to enhance mucosal defense against acid-pepsin insult during GERD. We aimed to examine potential alginate protection of transcriptomic changes in a cell culture model of PPI-recalcitrant GERD. Immortalized normal-derived human esophageal epithelial cells underwent pretreatment with commercial alginate-based anti-reflux medications (Gaviscon Advance or Gaviscon Double Action), a matched-viscosity placebo control, or pH 7.4 buffer (sham) alone for 1 min, followed by exposure to pH 6.0 + pepsin or buffer alone for 3 min. RNA sequencing was conducted, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was performed with a false discovery rate of ≤0.01 and absolute fold-change of ≥1.3. Pepsin-acid exposure disrupted gene expressions associated with epithelial barrier function, chromatin structure, carcinogenesis, and inflammation. Alginate formulations demonstrated protection by mitigating these changes and promoting extracellular matrix repair, downregulating proto-oncogenes, and enhancing tumor suppressor expression. These data suggest molecular mechanisms by which alginates provide topical protection against injury during weakly acidic reflux and support a potential role for alginates in the prevention of GERD-related carcinogenesis. Full article
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Review

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28 pages, 767 KiB  
Review
Microbiome Markers in Gastrointestinal Disorders: Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Colorectal Cancer, and Celiac Disease
by M. Isabel San-Martin, Alejandro Chamizo-Ampudia, África Sanchiz, Miguel Ángel Ferrero, Honorina Martínez-Blanco, Leandro Benito Rodríguez-Aparicio and Nicolás Navasa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(10), 4818; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26104818 - 17 May 2025
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Abstract
Intestinal microbiota and the host’s immune system form a symbiotic alliance that sustains normal development and function in the human gut. Changes such as dietary habits among societies in developed countries have led to the development of unbalanced microbial populations in the gut, [...] Read more.
Intestinal microbiota and the host’s immune system form a symbiotic alliance that sustains normal development and function in the human gut. Changes such as dietary habits among societies in developed countries have led to the development of unbalanced microbial populations in the gut, likely contributing to the dramatic increase in inflammatory diseases in the last few decades. Recent advances in DNA sequencing technologies have tremendously helped to characterize the microbiome associated with disease, both in identifying global alterations and discovering specific biomarkers that potentially contribute to disease pathogenesis, as evidenced by animal studies. Beyond bacterial alterations, non-bacterial components such as fungi, viruses, and microbial metabolites have been implicated in these diseases, influencing immune responses and gut homeostasis. Multi-omics approaches integrating metagenomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics offer a more comprehensive understanding of the microbiome’s role in disease pathogenesis, paving the way for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Unraveling the metagenomic profiles associated with disease may facilitate earlier diagnosis and intervention, as well as the development of more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies. This review synthesizes recent and relevant microbiome research studies aimed at characterizing the microbial signatures associated with inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and celiac disease. Full article
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