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Molecular Advances in Pathogen Interaction and Host Immunity

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 700

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biology, Parasitology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: acanthamoeba; blastocystis; medical parasitology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue highlights recent molecular advances in the study of pathogen–host interactions, with a focus on how infectious agents modulate host immune responses. It explores the mechanisms by which pathogen virulence factors—such as toxins, effector proteins, and surface molecules—alter host cell signaling, transcriptional programs, and metabolic pathways to facilitate infection and immune evasion. The issue emphasizes the dynamic interplay between innate and adaptive immunity, including the roles of pattern recognition receptors, antigen processing, and immune cell communication. Particular attention is given to cytokines and chemokines as key regulators of immune activation, cell recruitment, and inflammation during infection. Contributions also examine host regulatory mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic responses, that shape susceptibility or resistance to pathogens. By integrating molecular, cellular, and systems-level approaches, this Special Issue advances our understanding of immune regulation and pathogenesis during host–pathogen encounters.

Dr. Karolina Kot
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • host–pathogen interactions
  • innate and adaptive immunity
  • pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
  • immune signaling pathways
  • cytokines and interferons
  • immune evasion mechanisms
  • molecular pathogenesis
  • infectious diseases

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1985 KB  
Article
Gene Expression Profiles in the Optic Nerve of Mice with Systemic Acanthamoebiasis
by Ignacy Marcin Wiliński, Patrycja Tomasiak, Michał Czerewaty, Natalia Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Danuta Kosik-Bogacka and Karolina Kot
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(5), 2382; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27052382 - 4 Mar 2026
Viewed by 461
Abstract
Systemic infection with Acanthamoeba spp. can induce inflammatory responses within the visual axis, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms in the optic nerve remain poorly understood. The aim of the study was to determine the gene expression of Nlrp3 (encoding NOD-, LRP- and pyrin [...] Read more.
Systemic infection with Acanthamoeba spp. can induce inflammatory responses within the visual axis, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms in the optic nerve remain poorly understood. The aim of the study was to determine the gene expression of Nlrp3 (encoding NOD-, LRP- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3, NLRP3), Ptgs2 (encoding cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2), Rela (encoding nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB), and several cytokines in the optic nerve of mice during disseminated infection with Acanthamoeba sp. (T16 genotype) under various immunological conditions. In immunocompetent mice, Ptgs2 and Ifng expressions were upregulated at the beginning of infection. In the late stages, we found increased levels of Il10 and Nlrp3. In immunosuppressed mice, higher expressions of Nlrp3, Ptgs2, Rela, Il1b, Il10, Il17a, Il21, and Ifng were found in the infected mice compared to the control group. These results indicate that immunosuppression promotes prolonged inflammation by altering innate and adaptive immune responses, contributing to sustained neuroinflammatory processes affecting the optic nerve. This study provides mechanistic insight into host–pathogen interactions in the optic nerve during systemic Acanthamoeba infection. Due to the analysis being based on mRNA expression levels, direct inference regarding protein levels and the actual activity of the investigated immunological pathways is limited. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Advances in Pathogen Interaction and Host Immunity)
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