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From DNA Damage to Cell Death: Emerging Drug Targets and Therapeutic Opportunities

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 2323

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
Interests: anticancer activity; apoptosis; cell death; combination therapy; cu-proptosis; cytotoxicity; DNA damage; DNA repair; drug design; ferroptosis; necroptosis; proliferation; pyra-zoles; tetrazoles; triazines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environ-mental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
Interests: anticancer activity; apoptosis; cell death; combination therapy; cytotoxicity; DNA damage; DNA repair; plant-derived compounds; plant extracts; proliferation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

DNA damage is a fundamental biological event that can lead to genomic instability, cellular senescence, and programmed cell death. Understanding how cells detect, signal, and repair DNA lesions is crucial not only for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer, neurodegeneration, and aging, but also for identifying vulnerabilities that can be therapeutically exploited. Recent advances in molecular biology have revealed intricate networks linking DNA damage response (DDR) pathways to cellular fate decisions, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and necroptosis and others.

This Special Issue aims to highlight cutting-edge research and reviews focused on the molecular interplay between DNA damage, cell death pathways, and novel therapeutic strategies. We welcome contributions that explore emerging drug targets, the design of DNA damage-inducing or repair-modulating agents, and translational approaches that bridge preclinical insights with clinical applications. Studies addressing the role of DDR in chemoresistance, immune modulation, and tumor microenvironment adaptation are particularly encouraged. Together, these works will provide an integrative understanding of how manipulating DDR can yield innovative treatments for diverse diseases.

Dr. Mateusz Kciuk
Dr. Beata Marciniak
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • apoptosis
  • cancer therapy
  • cell death pathways
  • chemoresistance
  • DNA damage response (DDR)
  • DNA repair inhibitors
  • drug discovery
  • ferroptosis
  • genomic instability
  • therapeutic targets

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2125 KB  
Article
Thyroid Hormone T3 Induces DNA Damage Response in Breast Cancer Cells
by Sahar Movshovitz, Liat Anabel Sinberger, Keren Trabelsi, Amit Bar-on, Amir Sonnenblick, Mali Salmon-Divon and Tamar Listovsky
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020668 - 9 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate metabolism, proliferation, and genomic stability. Clinical studies have linked levothyroxine therapy with higher Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores in breast cancer (BC), suggesting a potential effect of thyroid hormone signaling on genomic risk. Here, we investigated the impact of triiodothyronine [...] Read more.
Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate metabolism, proliferation, and genomic stability. Clinical studies have linked levothyroxine therapy with higher Oncotype DX Recurrence Scores in breast cancer (BC), suggesting a potential effect of thyroid hormone signaling on genomic risk. Here, we investigated the impact of triiodothyronine (T3) on DNA damage and repair pathways in estrogen receptor-positive T47D breast cancer and non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. RNA sequencing revealed significant upregulation of RAD51 and enrichment of DNA repair pathways following 24 h T3 exposure. Consistently, T3 increased γH2AX and 53BP1 nuclear foci, indicating transient activation of the DNA damage response (DDR). These effects were transient, returning to baseline after 48 h, suggesting cellular adaptation. T3 also enhanced proliferation at 10 μM but inhibited growth at higher concentrations. Our findings indicate that acute exposure to T3 induces transient genomic stress, providing a potential mechanistic basis for the observed association between thyroid hormone therapy and increased BC recurrence risk. Full article
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Review

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36 pages, 3123 KB  
Review
Targeting ATR-CHK1 and ATM-CHK2 Axes in Pancreatic Cancer—A Comprehensive Review of Literature
by Mateusz Kciuk, Katarzyna Wanke, Beata Marciniak, Damian Kołat, Marta Aleksandrowicz, Somdutt Mujwar, Tarik Ainane and Renata Kontek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031152 - 23 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a highly lethal malignancy with limited treatment options and poor survival. Targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, particularly the ATR-CHK1 and ATM-CHK2 axes. Preclinical studies demonstrate that ATR inhibition disrupts replication stress [...] Read more.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a highly lethal malignancy with limited treatment options and poor survival. Targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, particularly the ATR-CHK1 and ATM-CHK2 axes. Preclinical studies demonstrate that ATR inhibition disrupts replication stress tolerance, impairs homologous recombination, and disables checkpoint control, enhancing cytotoxicity from standard therapies including gemcitabine, FOLFIRINOX, fluoropyrimidines, and radiotherapy. Synergistic effects have also been observed with other DDR-targeted agents, such as PARP and WEE1 inhibitors. Genomic contexts, including ATM deficiency, ARID1A alterations, and oncogene-driven replication stress, refine therapeutic sensitivity, supporting precision patient stratification. Early-phase clinical trials of ATR inhibitors (ART0380, AZD6738, BBI-355) alone or in combination show promising safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy. In this review, we summarize current literature on targeting the ATM-CHK2 and ATR-CHK1 pathways in PC, highlighting preclinical evidence, clinical developments, and strategies for biomarker-driven, precision oncology approaches. Full article
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