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Genomics and Epigenetics of Stem Cell

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2023) | Viewed by 6933

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
GaiaCell Ltd., Advanced Cell & Gene Therapy Prevale 9, 1236 Trzin, Slovenia
Interests: cell biology; cell technology; oncology; orthopaedics; molecular biology
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Guest Editor
Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: medicine; transfusion medicine; immunohaematology; immunogenetics; immune disorders of erythrocytes, thrombocytes and granulocytes; molecular diagnostics of genetic traits on the blood cells; transplantation of blood forming tissue; haematopoietic stem cells; immunotherapy of cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stem cells are the focus of extensive research and medical applications. Acquiring knowledge of their epigenetic changes, which can influence upregulation and downregulation of the cell genome, is important to describe the mechanisms and function of stem cells. Proper differentiation in one of more than 200 different cell types in the human body is essential for safe and effective applications in regenerative medicine. The sequencing of the genome alone did not yield the expected results, and the real cell physiology work started after that accumulated knowledge from information provided by NGS. Changes in chromatin structure influence the expression of the genes, epigenetic changes being one of the most important mechanisms. Epigenetics play key roles in development, stem cell differentiation, and have a high impact on human disease, and they occur throughout life from embryonic development into adulthood. Stem cells undergo several cellular divisions in a regulated manner; the genetic code remains the same in theory, but several mutations or other phenomena related to aging can cause changes in phenotypes. The information is particularly essential for strategies of cell-based therapies, where pure populations of required cell types are required for transplantation. Epigenetic changes related with aging play a critical role in quality of stem cells and their differentiated daughter cells, as well as the functioning of regenerated tissues, organs, organ systems and, finally, the whole body.

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences focuses on the research field of “Genomics and Epigenetics of Stem Cell” and welcomes both original research articles and review papers.

Dr. Miomir Knezevic
Dr. Primoz Rozman
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • regenerative medicine
  • cell expansion
  • gene therapy
  • tissue engineering
  • tumour vaccines
  • immunotherapy of cancer
  • autoimmune diseases
  • stem cell biology
  • cell cryopreservation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

14 pages, 1499 KiB  
Review
The Molecular Regulatory Mechanism in Multipotency and Differentiation of Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cells
by Li Ma, Xuguang He and Qiang Wu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612909 - 18 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1784
Abstract
Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are isolated from Wharton’s jelly tissue of umbilical cords. They possess the ability to differentiate into lineage cells of three germ layers. WJ-MSCs have robust proliferative ability and strong immune modulation capacity. They can be easily collected [...] Read more.
Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are isolated from Wharton’s jelly tissue of umbilical cords. They possess the ability to differentiate into lineage cells of three germ layers. WJ-MSCs have robust proliferative ability and strong immune modulation capacity. They can be easily collected and there are no ethical problems associated with their use. Therefore, WJ-MSCs have great tissue engineering value and clinical application prospects. The identity and functions of WJ-MSCs are regulated by multiple interrelated regulatory mechanisms, including transcriptional regulation and epigenetic modifications. In this article, we summarize the latest research progress on the genetic/epigenetic regulation mechanisms and essential signaling pathways that play crucial roles in pluripotency and differentiation of WJ-MSCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomics and Epigenetics of Stem Cell)
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27 pages, 1480 KiB  
Review
Impact of Environmental and Epigenetic Changes on Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Aging
by Nicholas Smith, Suzanna Shirazi, Dimitrios Cakouros and Stan Gronthos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6499; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076499 - 30 Mar 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4511
Abstract
Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual’s lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without [...] Read more.
Many crucial epigenetic changes occur during early skeletal development and throughout life due to aging, disease and are heavily influenced by an individual’s lifestyle. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in gene expression as the result of changes in the environment without any mutation in the underlying DNA sequence. The epigenetic profiles of cells are dynamic and mediated by different mechanisms, including histone modifications, non-coding RNA-associated gene silencing and DNA methylation. Given the underlining role of dysfunctional mesenchymal tissues in common age-related skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, investigations into skeletal stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their functional deregulation during aging has been of great interest and how this is mediated by an evolving epigenetic landscape. The present review describes the recent findings in epigenetic changes of MSCs that effect growth and cell fate determination in the context of aging, diet, exercise and bone-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomics and Epigenetics of Stem Cell)
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