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Pathogenesis, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Perspectives of Ocular Diseases
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Pathogenesis, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Perspectives of Ocular Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 1219

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eugenia Piragine

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno, 6, 56121 Pisa, Italy
Interests: cardiovascular pharmacology; gasotransmitters; hydrogen sulfide (H2S); meta-analysis; systematic review
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The incidence and prevalence of ocular diseases are dramatically increasing worldwide, with serious repercussions on healthcare systems. In this context, the identification of new biomarkers and the proposal of innovative therapeutic strategies are crucial to improving the quality of life of patients suffering from macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, cataract, dry eye and other diseases. This Special Issue aims to collect review articles and original works on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic perspective of ocular diseases. This could help to elucidate the molecular aspects underlying these pathological conditions, with a special focus on the role of the immune system and inflammation, and to provide new evidence for clinical research. In this regard, studies involving humans are particularly welcome.

Dr. Eugenia Piragine
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • ocular diseases
  • dry eye
  • glaucoma
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • macular degeneration
  • molecular mechanisms
  • diagnosis
  • preclinical research
  • clinical studies
  • drug therapy
  • pharmacology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2906 KiB  
Article
Malocclusion Worsens Survival Following Sepsis Due to the Disruption of Innate and Acquired Immunity
by Yoshihisa Fujinami, Masafumi Saito, Yuko Ono, Masaya Akashi, Shigeaki Inoue and Joji Kotani
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 1894; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051894 - 22 Feb 2025
Viewed by 568
Abstract
Sepsis is a severe condition with high mortality, in which immune dysfunction plays a critical role. Poor oral health has been linked to frailty, but its impact on sepsis outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, we used a mouse model of malocclusion and sepsis to [...] Read more.
Sepsis is a severe condition with high mortality, in which immune dysfunction plays a critical role. Poor oral health has been linked to frailty, but its impact on sepsis outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, we used a mouse model of malocclusion and sepsis to investigate how tooth loss affects immune responses during sepsis. Adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: Control, Malocclusion (Mal), Sepsis (CS), and Malocclusion with Sepsis (Mal + CS). Malocclusion was induced by tooth extraction, and sepsis was induced using cecal slurry injection. We assessed survival rates, immune cell counts, and biochemical markers. The Mal + CS group exhibited significantly lower survival rates and greater weight loss compared to the CS group. The flow cytometry showed reduced neutrophils, monocytes, and T cells in the Mal + CS group. Elevated ALT and AST levels indicated liver damage. No significant differences in bacterial loads were observed, but immune suppression was exacerbated in the Mal + CS group. Malocclusion worsens sepsis outcomes by impairing both innate and adaptive immune responses. These findings emphasize the importance of oral health in improving sepsis prognosis and immune function during critical illnesses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Perspectives of Ocular Diseases)
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13 pages, 2092 KiB  
Article
Expression and Secretion of Intraocular Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (ioFABP4) and 5 (ioFABP5) Are Regulated by Glucose Levels and Fatty Acids
by Hiroshi Ohguro, Megumi Higashide, Erika Ishiwata, Fumihito Hikage, Megumi Watanabe, Nami Nishikiori, Tatsuya Sato and Masato Furuhashi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(5), 1791; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26051791 - 20 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 481
Abstract
Intraocularly, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and 5 (FABP5) mainly originate from human ocular choroidal fibroblasts (HOCF), and human nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (HNPCE) cells have been suggested to be pivotally involved in intraocular pathophysiology. To elucidate the unidentified regulatory mechanisms of the gene [...] Read more.
Intraocularly, fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and 5 (FABP5) mainly originate from human ocular choroidal fibroblasts (HOCF), and human nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (HNPCE) cells have been suggested to be pivotally involved in intraocular pathophysiology. To elucidate the unidentified regulatory mechanisms of the gene expression and protein secretion of FABPs, the effects of glucose levels, fatty acids (FAs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) modulators were studied. To elucidate the additional biological role of FABPs, laser choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in Fabp4−/− and Fabp4/5−/− mice was analyzed by fluorescein angiography. By changing glucose levels, the secretion and expression of FABP4 in HOCF were significantly upregulated, whereas the secretion and expression of FABP5 in HNPCE decreased. The administration of various FAs, particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), markedly increased the expression and secretion of both FABPs. PPAR modulators also influenced the secretion and expression of FABPs. In vivo, wild-type retina exhibited evident CNV with high fluorescein intensity, while Fabp4−/− retina showed reduced CNV formation and Fabp4/5−/− retina displayed evident CNV along with vitreous leakage. These findings suggest that (1) the production and secretion of intraocular FABP4 and FABP5 are distinctly regulated by glucose levels, FAs, and PPARs; and (2) intraocular FABP4 and FABP5 are critical for inducing retinal neovascularization and maintaining the blood-aqueous barrier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathogenesis, Biomarkers and Therapeutic Perspectives of Ocular Diseases)
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