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Exploring Markers and Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer: Genitourinary and Gynecological Tumors

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 7564

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Hisham Bahmad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
Interests: molecular pathology; prostate cancer; biomarkers research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the realm of hematology and oncology, cancer remains a complex and pressing healthcare challenge, demanding innovative insights into its molecular underpinnings. Molecular and genetic factors have been shown to exert a profound influence on tumor behavior, treatment responses, and patient outcomes. However, there exists a critical gap in our understanding where the molecular underpinnings of tumor progression intersect with traditional pathological assessments. Addressing this gap is essential for tailoring therapies to individual patients and optimizing treatment efficacy. We propose a Special Issue dedicated to unraveling the intricacies of genitourinary and gynecological tumors. This Special Issue will delve into the latest advancements in understanding prostate, endometrial, bladder, penile, urothelial, cervical, and ovarian cancers, among others. The primary focus will be on molecular pathology, elucidating the intricate mechanisms driving these malignancies. We aim to shed light on novel biomarkers, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic targets to advance precision medicine and improve patient outcomes. In this Special Issue, we invite researchers in cancer biology, pathology, hematology–oncology, and other fields of cancer research to contribute original research articles, reviews, and communications that shed light on the nexus between molecular insights and the pathology of grading and staging in cancers.

Dr. Hisham Bahmad
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • prostate
  • bladder
  • endometrial cancer
  • ovarian cancer
  • cervical cancer
  • renal cancer
  • urothelial carcinoma
  • biomarkers
  • therapeutic target
  • personalized medicine
  • targeted therapy
  • molecular signatures
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 5873 KiB  
Article
Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Associated with Endometrial Cancer Tumorigenesis and Survival Outcomes
by Alexis J. Clark, Rajesh Singh, Regina L. Leonis, Eric A. Stahlberg, Zachary S. Clark and James W. Lillard, Jr.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12356; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212356 - 18 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1447
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) presents a substantial health challenge, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, understanding the molecular underpinnings of EC progression remains unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-UCEC [...] Read more.
Endometrial cancer (EC) presents a substantial health challenge, with increasing incidence and mortality rates. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, understanding the molecular underpinnings of EC progression remains unknown. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-UCEC n = 588) data to analyze gene co-expression patterns, elucidate biological process pathways, and identify potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for EC, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential gene expression, survival analysis, and functional analysis, respectively. We determined that the Green module (M5) was significantly correlated with patient survival. Functional analysis of the genes in module M5 indicates involvement in cell cycle regulation, mitotic spindle assembly, and intercellular signaling. TPX2, BUB1, and ESPL1 were among the top differentially expressed genes in the Green module, suggesting their involvement in critical pathways that contribute to disease progression and patient survival outcomes. The biological and clinical assessments of our findings provide an understanding of the molecular landscape of EC and identified several potential prognostic markers for patient risk stratification and treatment selection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Markers and Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer: Genitourinary and Gynecological Tumors)
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Review

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19 pages, 546 KiB  
Review
Targeting CD200 in Breast Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges in Immunotherapeutic Strategies
by Sihyang Baek and Kui Cui
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010115 - 26 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1034
Abstract
One of the key factors that contribute to tumor progression and resistance is the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumor. CD200 is a recently identified cell surface glycoprotein recognized as an important molecule in breast cancer for its versatile modulation of the immune response [...] Read more.
One of the key factors that contribute to tumor progression and resistance is the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumor. CD200 is a recently identified cell surface glycoprotein recognized as an important molecule in breast cancer for its versatile modulation of the immune response via its receptor, CD200R. The interaction between CD200 and CD200R suppresses the immune activities against tumor cells and allows them to be undetected and, in doing so, to escape from the destructive capability of the immune cells. Here, we review recent advances and future trends in CD200-targeted therapies for cancer treatments. We also discuss molecular pathways that include variable expressions across different cancer types and their importance in treatment options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Markers and Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer: Genitourinary and Gynecological Tumors)
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19 pages, 770 KiB  
Review
Utilization of miRNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Metastasis in Gynecological Malignancies
by Alexandros Lazaridis, Hector Katifelis, Emmanouil Kalampokas, Dimitra Lambropoulou, Gerasimos Aravantinos, Maria Gazouli and Nikos F. Vlahos
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11703; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111703 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1534
Abstract
Gynecological cancer is a term referring to malignancies that typically involve ovarian, cervical, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Combined, these cancers represent major causes of morbidity and mortality in women with a heavy socioeconomic impact. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are intensively [...] Read more.
Gynecological cancer is a term referring to malignancies that typically involve ovarian, cervical, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancer. Combined, these cancers represent major causes of morbidity and mortality in women with a heavy socioeconomic impact. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are intensively studied in the field of cancer and changes in them have been linked to a variety of processes involved in cancer that range from tumorigenesis to prognosis and metastatic potential. This review aims to summarize the existing literature that has linked miRNAs with each of the female malignancies as potential biomarkers in diagnosis (circulating miRNAs), in tumor histology and prognosis (as tissue biomarkers), and for local (lymph node) and distant metastatic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Markers and Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer: Genitourinary and Gynecological Tumors)
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17 pages, 1330 KiB  
Review
The Usefulness of Elastin Staining to Detect Vascular Invasion in Cancer
by Jeffrey Gonzalez, Hisham F. Bahmad, Stephanie Ocejo, Alvaro Abreu, Meagan Popp, Samantha Gogola, Vielka Fernandez, Monica Recine and Robert Poppiti
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(20), 15264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015264 - 17 Oct 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2719
Abstract
Tumor prognosis hinges on accurate cancer staging, a pivotal process influenced by the identification of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), i.e., blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion. Protocols by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have been established to [...] Read more.
Tumor prognosis hinges on accurate cancer staging, a pivotal process influenced by the identification of lymphovascular invasion (LVI), i.e., blood vessel and lymphatic vessel invasion. Protocols by the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) have been established to assess LVI in various tumor types, including, but not limited to, breast cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), pancreatic exocrine tumors, and thyroid carcinomas. The CAP refers to blood vessel invasion as “angioinvasion” (vascular invasion) to differentiate it from lymphatic vessel invasion (lymphatic invasion). For clarity, the latter terms will be used throughout this review. The presence of lymphatic and/or vascular invasion has emerged as a pivotal prognostic factor; therefore, its accurate identification is crucial not only for staging but also for providing the patient with an honest understanding of his/her prognosis. Given the prognostic importance of the correct identification of LVI, specific staining techniques are employed to distinguish lymphatic vessel invasion from angioinvasion and to differentiate true LVI from artifact. These encompass hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, elastic staining, Factor VIII staining, Ulex europaeus I agglutinin staining, CD31, CD34, D2-40, ERG, and D2-40 (podoplanin) immunohistochemical (IHC) stains among others. Based on a review of numerous publications regarding the efficacy of various methods for LVI detection, elastin staining demonstrated superior accuracy and prognostic value, allowing for more targeted treatment strategies. The clinical significance of accurately detecting LVI cannot be overstated, as it is strongly linked to higher cancer-related mortality and an increased risk of tumor recurrence. This review aims to examine the existing literature on the use of elastin stains in the detection of vascular invasion among different types of tumors and its prognostic value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Markers and Molecular Pathogenesis of Cancer: Genitourinary and Gynecological Tumors)
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