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Molecular Insights in Antimicrobial Resistance

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 1729

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; antibiotics combination; bacterial pathogens; carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales; Clostridium difficile infection; bacteriophages; microbiota; dysbiosis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multidrug resistance in bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to human health and greatly affects population welfare, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). It is therefore crucial to investigate and further elucidate the mechanisms underlying bacterial resistance. Multiple resistance genes can propagate through both vertical and horizontal transmission, limiting treatment options and driving the search for innovative solutions.

This Special Issue aims to examine resistance-associated genetic elements, such as blaKPC, blaVIM, and blaNDM, while highlighting recent advancements in methodologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 or NAAT-based approaches or Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for detection of carbapenemase genes in Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae that offer alternative strategies to combat drug resistance.

Prof. Dr. Maria Teresa Mascellino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • drug resistance
  • microorganisms
  • molecular mechanisms
  • mobile genetic elements
  • CRISPR/Cas9
  • nucleic acid hybriditation
  • probes
  • LAMP

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

31 pages, 2114 KB  
Review
Molecular Insights into Carbapenem Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: From Mobile Genetic Elements to Precision Diagnostics and Infection Control
by Ayman Elbehiry, Eman Marzouk and Adil Abalkhail
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031229 - 26 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1391
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has become one of the most serious problems confronting modern healthcare, particularly in intensive care units where patients are highly susceptible, procedures are frequent, and antibiotic exposure is often prolonged. In this review, carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae is [...] Read more.
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has become one of the most serious problems confronting modern healthcare, particularly in intensive care units where patients are highly susceptible, procedures are frequent, and antibiotic exposure is often prolonged. In this review, carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae is presented not as a fixed feature of individual bacteria, but as a process that is constantly changing and closely interconnected. We bring together evidence showing how the spread of successful bacterial lineages, the exchange of resistance genes, and gradual genetic adjustment combine to drive both the rapid spread and the long-lasting presence of resistance. A major focus is placed on mobile genetic elements, including commonly encountered plasmid backbones, transposons, and insertion sequences that carry carbapenemase genes such as blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48-like. These elements allow resistance genes to move easily between bacteria and across different biological environments. The human gut plays a particularly important role in this process. Its microbial community serves as a largely unseen reservoir where resistance genes can circulate and accumulate well before infection becomes clinically apparent, making prevention and control more difficult. This review also discusses the key biological factors that shape resistance levels, including carbapenemase production, changes in the bacterial cell membrane, and systems that expel antibiotics from the cell, and explains how these features work together. Advances in molecular testing have made it possible to identify resistance more quickly, supporting earlier clinical decisions and infection control measures. Even so, current tests remain limited by narrow targets and may miss low-level carriage, hidden genetic reservoirs, or newly emerging resistance patterns. Finally, we look ahead to approaches that move beyond detection alone, emphasizing the need for integrated surveillance, thoughtful antibiotic use, and coordinated system-wide strategies to lessen the impact of CRKP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights in Antimicrobial Resistance)
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