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Lipid Signaling and Metabolism in Inflammation-Associated Diseases 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 4766

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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry, Charité – University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
Interests: lipid metabolism; catalytic mechanism; eicosanoids; lipoxygenase; leukotrienes; selenocysteine
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue "Lipid Signaling and Metabolism in Inflammation-Associated Diseases".

When the human body is challenged by pathogens, cell damage or irritants, a complex counteracting response of the immune system is initiated. This response is aimed at eliminating the inflammatory stimuli and at re-establishing tissue homeostasis. Although the inflammatory response is beneficial for the entire body, it involves locally destructive processes leading to cell injury and tissue damage. During the phase of inflammatory resolution (healing phase), the inflamed tissue is cleaned up and the original tissue structure is reestablished. In principle, inflammation can affect all organs, and can thus impact organ-specific functions. However, despite tissue-specific differences, the basic mechanisms are always similar. In most cases, inflammation starts as an acute process which either heals completely (restitution ad integrum) or turns into chronic inflammation when the healing process is incomplete. A key event in acute inflammation is the local activation of immune cells, particularly of neutrophils and pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. Lymphocytes (B- and T-cells) are rare in acutely inflamed tissue, but occur more frequently in chronic inflammation. Inflammatory cells are attracted by pro-inflammatory signals produced in inflamed tissue. They leave the vasculature and actively migrate towards the center of inflammation following the gradient of pro-inflammatory mediators. Acute inflammation and inflammatory resolution are characterized by specific profiles of lipid mediators, which are biosynthesized by different cell types. It is the aim of this Special Issue to summarize our current knowledge on lipid signaling and lipid metabolism in all types of inflammation-associated diseases, which includes the biosynthesis and modes of action of pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators.

Prof. Dr. Hartmut Kühn
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • prostaglandins
  • leukotrienes
  • lipoxins
  • resolvins/maresins
  • hepoxilins
  • eoxins
  • cyclooxygenas
  • lipoxygenase
  • cytochrome P450

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

33 pages, 6161 KiB  
Review
Structural and Functional Biology of Mammalian ALOX Isoforms with Particular Emphasis on Enzyme Dimerization and Their Allosteric Properties
by Alexander Zhuravlev, Viktor Gavrilyuk, Xin Chen, Vladislav Aksenov, Hartmut Kuhn and Igor Ivanov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12058; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212058 - 9 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1834
Abstract
The human genome involves six functional arachidonic acid (AA) lipoxygenase (ALOX) genes, and the corresponding enzymes (ALOX15, ALOX15B, ALOX12, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, ALOX5) have been implicated in cell differentiations and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative, metabolic, and neurological disorders. Humans express [...] Read more.
The human genome involves six functional arachidonic acid (AA) lipoxygenase (ALOX) genes, and the corresponding enzymes (ALOX15, ALOX15B, ALOX12, ALOX12B, ALOXE3, ALOX5) have been implicated in cell differentiations and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative, metabolic, and neurological disorders. Humans express two different AA 15-lipoxygenating ALOX isoforms, and these enzymes are called ALOX15 (15-LOX1) and ALOX15B (15-LOX2). Chromosomal localization, sequence alignments, and comparison of the enzyme properties suggest that pig and mouse ALOX15 orthologs (leukocyte-type 12-LOX) on the one hand and rabbit and human ALOX15 orthologs on the other (reticulocyte-type 15-LOX1) belong to the same enzyme family despite their different reaction specificities with AA as a substrate. In contrast, human ALOX12 (platelet-type 12-LOX), as well as pig and mouse ALOX15 (leukocyte-type 12-LOX), belong to different enzyme families, although they exhibit a similar reaction specificity with AA as a substrate. The complex multiplicity of mammalian ALOX isoforms and the controversial enzyme nomenclatures are highly confusing and prompted us to summarize the current knowledge on the biological functions, enzymatic properties, and allosteric regulation mechanisms of mammalian ALOX15, ALOX15B, and ALOX12 orthologs that belong to three different enzyme sub-families. Full article
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15 pages, 1916 KiB  
Review
Harnessing Oxylipins and Inflammation Modulation for Prevention and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
by Julius Gretschel, Racha El Hage, Ruirui Wang, Yifang Chen, Anne Pietzner, Andreas Loew, Can G. Leineweber, Jonas Wördemann, Nadine Rohwer, Karsten H. Weylandt and Christoph Schmöcker
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(10), 5408; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105408 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2422
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, ranking as the third most malignant. The incidence of CRC has been increasing with time, and it is reported that Westernized diet and lifestyle play a significant role in its higher incidence [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, ranking as the third most malignant. The incidence of CRC has been increasing with time, and it is reported that Westernized diet and lifestyle play a significant role in its higher incidence and rapid progression. The intake of high amounts of omega-6 (n − 6) PUFAs and low levels of omega-3 (n − 3) PUFAs has an important role in chronic inflammation and cancer progression, which could be associated with the increase in CRC prevalence. Oxylipins generated from PUFAs are bioactive lipid mediators and have various functions, especially in inflammation and proliferation. Carcinogenesis is often a consequence of chronic inflammation, and evidence has shown the particular involvement of n − 6 PUFA arachidonic acid-derived oxylipins in CRC, which is further described in this review. A deeper understanding of the role and metabolism of PUFAs by their modifying enzymes, their pathways, and the corresponding oxylipins may allow us to identify new approaches to employ oxylipin-associated immunomodulation to enhance immunotherapy in cancer. This paper summarizes oxylipins identified in the context of the initiation, development, and metastasis of CRC. We further explore CRC chemo-prevention strategies that involve oxylipins as potential therapeutics. Full article
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