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Molecular Insights and Treatments for Gynecological Cancers

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 388

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Unità di Ginecopatologia e Patologia Mammaria, Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli-IRCCS, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
Interests: immunohistochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers, present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment. Biochemistry and molecular biology play pivotal roles in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these cancers. Advances in genomic profiling, proteomics, and metabolomics have revealed key biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and therapeutic targets. Specific mutations, such as those in BRCA1/2 genes, have enhanced personalized treatment strategies, particularly in ovarian cancer. Additionally, molecular signaling pathways, such as those involving PI3K/AKT and MAPK, are critical in cancer progression and resistance to therapies. Understanding the tumor microenvironment, including immune evasion mechanisms, may also open up promising avenues for immunotherapy. This Special Issue explores the intersection of biochemistry and molecular biology in gynecological cancers, emphasizing the development of novel diagnostic tools, therapeutic approaches, and the exploration of molecular markers. These advancements offer hope for improved patient outcomes through targeted precision medicine strategies.

Dr. Nicoletta D'Alessandris
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gynecological cancers
  • cancers
  • endometrial cancers
  • cervical cancer
  • tumor microenvironment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

12 pages, 1552 KiB  
Review
Folate Receptor Alpha in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: Diagnostic Role and Therapeutic Implications of a Clinically Validated Biomarker
by Gian Franco Zannoni, Angela Santoro, Antonio d’Amati, Nicoletta D’Alessandris, Giulia Scaglione, Belen Padial Urtueta, Michele Valente, Nadine Narducci, Francesca Addante, Saveria Spadola, Emma Bragantini and Giuseppe Angelico
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5222; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115222 - 29 May 2025
Viewed by 274
Abstract
Folate receptor alpha (FRα), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein encoded by the FOLR1 gene, plays a crucial role in folate transport during cell growth and development. While minimally expressed in most normal adult tissues, FRα is frequently overexpressed in several epithelial malignancies, particularly in high-grade [...] Read more.
Folate receptor alpha (FRα), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein encoded by the FOLR1 gene, plays a crucial role in folate transport during cell growth and development. While minimally expressed in most normal adult tissues, FRα is frequently overexpressed in several epithelial malignancies, particularly in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. An immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation of FRα expression using the VENTANA FOLR1 (FOLR1-2.1) RxDx Assay is now approved as a companion diagnostic for selecting patients eligible for mirvetuximab soravtansine, an FRα-targeted antibody–drug conjugate. Clinical trials such as SORAYA and MIRASOL have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian cancer patients with high FRα expression (≥75% of tumor cells with moderate to strong membrane staining). This review summarizes the biological significance of FRα in ovarian cancer progression, its predictive value for targeted therapy, and the technical aspects of IHC assessment, including scoring interpretation and pre-analytical variables. We also discuss heterogeneity in FRα expression across histological subtypes and tumor sites, as well as the impact of archival versus fresh tissue. Understanding FRα expression patterns across histologic subtypes and tissue samples is critical for optimizing clinical decision-making and expanding the role of FRα-targeted therapies in gynecologic oncology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Insights and Treatments for Gynecological Cancers)
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