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Nutrition as a Tool for Modulating Cellular Metabolism

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2025) | Viewed by 5625

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
Interests: nutraceuticals; mitochondria; membrane proteins; cell metabolism; cardiovascular disease; metabolic syndrome; omics sciences
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Guest Editor
ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Department of Sustainability, Trisaia Research Center, Rotondella, Italy
Interests: mitochondria; protein purification; antioxidant activity; biomolecules extraction; agricultural waste valorization; novel food
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A growing number of countries worldwide have seen an increase in the prevalence of acquired metabolic syndromes over the past few decades, with obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease being the most common. Furthermore, the incidence of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases continues to be high. This increasing trend is particularly noticeable in developing nations where industrialization is accompanied with dietary and lifestyle changes. Recent research has shown that nutrients and their metabolites actively regulate gene expression and cellular function, which has contributed to a growing understanding of cellular metabolism. In addition to being the building elements of biological structures and providers of energy, nutrients and their metabolites also act as powerful signaling agents, inducers and repressors of gene expression, and direct moderators of protein function.

Furthermore, researchers are always looking for new, sustainable and natural protein molecules and sources particularly from underutilized legume crops, unexploited terrestrial and aquatic weeds, agri-food industry waste, algae, fungi, and insects, the nutritional value of which is partly known but seldom explored in terms of modulatory effects on cellular metabolic pathways.

The relationship between different chemical mediators and cellular mechanisms has been better understood over time, but only via extensive research in biochemistry and molecular biology.

A fundamental tool for developing novel therapeutic approaches that are more effective and ensure a higher quality of life is an understanding of the mechanisms pertaining to the alteration of energy metabolism, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS), the imbalance between cell death and proliferation, and the interaction between enzymes, transporters, and substrates.

Protein hydrolysates from different protein sources, together with bioactive peptides, exhibit antihypertensive, antioxidant, antitumor, antidiabetic and/or antimicrobial activity. Due to the beneficial properties of these foods and the high abundance of bioactive peptides and phytochemicals, the growing demand for such products is expected to pose a future challenge for the creation of “functional” foods. Consequently, investigating the effects of the presumed natural mediators of cellular metabolism, both endogenous and exogenous (extracted from plant and animal sources), as well as new foods, can reveal adjuvants or worthy substitutes for drugs in therapeutic programs for particular diseases.

This Special Issue attempts to draw greater attention from the scientific community to the significant therapeutic potential of natural substances and novel foods, particularly their safety in human health, given the unique historical context in which we find ourselves.

To aid in developing fresh and creative therapeutic methods, we invite the submission of original manuscripts and reviews that offer perspectives on the molecular interactions between known and unknown natural substances or novel foods and cellular metabolism in both health and disease.

Dr. Francesca Oppedisano
Dr. Anna Spagnoletta
Dr. Salvatore Nesci
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cell metabolism
  • mitochondria
  • ROS
  • RNS
  • proliferation and cell death
  • metabolic pathways
  • transporters
  • natural compounds
  • bioactive molecules
  • novel foods
  • metabolic diseases
  • human pathology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2598 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Maternal High-Fat or High-Carbohydrate Diet during Pregnancy and Lactation on Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) in the Liver and Brain of Rat Offspring
by Wojciech Kuban, Anna Haduch, Ewa Bromek, Agnieszka Basińska-Ziobroń, Kinga Gawlińska, Dawid Gawliński, Małgorzata Filip and Władysława A. Daniel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(14), 7904; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25147904 - 19 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1285
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) is important in psychopharmacology as it is engaged in the metabolism of drugs, neurosteroids and neurotransmitters. An unbalanced maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation can cause neurodevelopmental abnormalities and increases the offspring’s predisposition to neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of [...] Read more.
Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) is important in psychopharmacology as it is engaged in the metabolism of drugs, neurosteroids and neurotransmitters. An unbalanced maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation can cause neurodevelopmental abnormalities and increases the offspring’s predisposition to neuropsychiatric diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of maternal modified types of diet: a high-fat diet (HFD) and high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) during pregnancy and lactation on CYP2D in the liver and brain of male offspring at 28 (adolescent) or 63 postnatal days (young adult). The CYP2D activity and protein level were measured in the liver microsomes and the levels of mRNAs of CYP2D1, 2D2 and 2D4 were investigated both in the liver and brain. In the liver, both HFD and HCD increased the mRNA levels of all the three investigated CYP2D genes in adolescents, but an opposite effect was observed in young adults. The CYP2D protein level increased in adolescents but not in young adults. In contrast, young adults showed significantly decreased CYP2D activity. Similar effect of HFD on the CYP2D mRNAs was observed in the prefrontal cortex, while the effect of HCD was largely different than in the liver (the CYP2D2 expression was not affected, the CYP2D4 expression was decreased in young adults). In conclusion, modified maternal diets influence the expression of individual CYP2D1, CYP2D2 and CYP2D4 genes in the liver and brain of male offspring, which may affect the metabolism of CYP2D endogenous substrates and drugs and alter susceptibility to brain diseases and pharmacotherapy outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition as a Tool for Modulating Cellular Metabolism)
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Review

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15 pages, 1518 KiB  
Review
The Postbiotic Properties of Butyrate in the Modulation of the Gut Microbiota: The Potential of Its Combination with Polyphenols and Dietary Fibers
by Jessica Maiuolo, Rosa Maria Bulotta, Stefano Ruga, Saverio Nucera, Roberta Macrì, Federica Scarano, Francesca Oppedisano, Cristina Carresi, Micaela Gliozzi, Vincenzo Musolino, Rocco Mollace, Carolina Muscoli and Vincenzo Mollace
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(13), 6971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25136971 - 26 Jun 2024
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3793
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a diverse bacterial community consisting of approximately 2000 species, predominantly from five phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The microbiota’s bacterial species create distinct compounds that impact the host’s health, including well-known short-chain fatty acids. These are produced [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota is a diverse bacterial community consisting of approximately 2000 species, predominantly from five phyla: Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. The microbiota’s bacterial species create distinct compounds that impact the host’s health, including well-known short-chain fatty acids. These are produced through the breakdown of dietary fibers and fermentation of undigested carbohydrates by the intestinal microbiota. The main short-chain fatty acids consist of acetate, propionate, and butyrate. The concentration of butyrate in mammalian intestines varies depending on the diet. Its main functions are use as an energy source, cell differentiation, reduction in the inflammatory process in the intestine, and defense against oxidative stress. It also plays an epigenetic role in histone deacetylases, thus helping to reduce the risk of colon cancer. Finally, butyrate affects the gut–brain axis by crossing the brain–blood barrier, making it crucial to determine the right concentrations for both local and peripheral effects. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of attention given to the role of dietary polyphenols and fibers in promoting human health. Polyphenols and dietary fibers both play crucial roles in protecting human health and can produce butyrate through gut microbiota fermentation. This paper aims to summarize information on the key summits related to the negative correlation between intestinal microbiota diversity and chronic diseases to guide future research on determining the specific activity of butyrate from polyphenols and dietary fibers that can carry out these vital functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition as a Tool for Modulating Cellular Metabolism)
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