ijms-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Antioxidants: Design, Synthesis, and Mechanism of Actions

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Macromolecules".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 458

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859, USA
Interests: dendrimer; metal complexation; antioxidant

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antioxidants are essential compounds that protect cells from oxidative damage caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species. They play a significant role in slowing the aging process and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Antioxidants are also widely used in other applications such as food preservation, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. To ensure their successful use across multiple fields, it is crucial to develop antioxidants that maintain their effectiveness while remaining safe.

This Special Issue invites submissions on the innovative design and synthesis of next-generation antioxidants that exhibit strong activity with minimal pro-oxidant effects. Potential topics include phenolic, thiolic, or nitrogen-based free radical scavengers, inhibitors of oxidant-generating enzymes, activators of antioxidant-generating enzymes, metal chelators, and multifunctional antioxidants, all of which should undergo rigorous testing for efficacy.

We also welcome research on antioxidant mechanisms, testing in cell lines and animal models, and the exploration of new methods to enhance the water solubility of hydrophobic antioxidants. Join us in advancing this important field!

Prof. Dr. Choon Young Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antioxidant synthesis
  • multifunctional antioxidants
  • oxidant-generating enzyme inhibitors
  • activators of antioxidant-generating enzymes
  • phenolic antioxidant
  • thiol-based antioxidant
  • nitrogen-based antioxidants
  • anti-inflammatory
  • oxidative stress
  • free radical scavenging
  • reactive oxygen species
  • reactive nitrogen species
  • mechanisms of action
  • metal chelator

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

21 pages, 1409 KB  
Article
Synthesis and Evaluation of Powerful Antioxidant Dendrimers Derived from D-Mannitol and Syringaldehyde
by Blessed Agbemade, Amanda R. Clark, Cyprien N. Nanah, Fati Haruna, Aundrea E. Stengard, Skylar A. Medes, Ashlyn M. Lapratt, Samara L. Morehouse, Rebecca L. Uzarski and Choon Young Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(22), 10966; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262210966 - 12 Nov 2025
Viewed by 297
Abstract
Antioxidants play a crucial role in preventing oxidative damage and are therefore integral to various sectors, including healthcare, food preservation, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Their capacity to enhance overall health and improve the quality and shelf life of products in these domains underscores [...] Read more.
Antioxidants play a crucial role in preventing oxidative damage and are therefore integral to various sectors, including healthcare, food preservation, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Their capacity to enhance overall health and improve the quality and shelf life of products in these domains underscores their significance. Two powerful antioxidant dendrimers were synthesized using D-mannitol as the core and syringaldehyde as the antioxidant-producing phenolic unit. The generation 1 (G1) dendrimer features 12 syringic units on its surface, while the generation 2 (G2) dendrimer has 24. Antioxidant capacities were assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the β-carotene bleaching assays. Based on IC50 values, the G2 (0.7 μM) and G1 (1.36 μM) dendrimers show 371- and 191-fold higher antioxidant activity, respectively, compared to the starting compound, syringaldehyde (260 μM). They are also 1251- and 647-times more effective than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) (880 μM). Overall, G2 is twice as potent as G1. The dendrimers also provide strong protection against β-carotene bleaching. At concentrations between 3.75 and 60 μM, G2 preserves 75% to 88% of β-carotene after 16 h at 45 °C, while G1 maintains 51% to 84%. In comparison, syringaldehyde and BHT provide significantly less protection, with ranges of 21% to 47% and 22% to 36%, respectively. Their greatly enhanced antioxidant capabilities are due to the numerous free-radical-scavenging sites created by phenolic hydroxyl groups, which have electron-donating groups at the ortho and para positions. In cell viability assays using macrophages, G1 caused a decrease in cell viability at ≥31 µM. Conversely, G2 exhibited a gradual reduction in cell viability across the concentration range of 0.1 µM to 111 µM, with viability declining from 11.1% to 96.3%, indicating that the larger G2 is more cytotoxic than the smaller G1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antioxidants: Design, Synthesis, and Mechanism of Actions)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Back to TopTop