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Exploring Rare Diseases: Genetic, Genomic and Metabolomic Advances: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 332

Special Issue Editors

Department of Medical Genetics, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
Interests: molecular genetics and genomics; next generation sequencing; rare diseases; genetic testing; neurocutaneous syndromes; copy number variations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This is a continuation to our series of Special Issue “Exploring Rare Diseases: Genetic, Genomic and Metabolomic Advances”.

Rare diseases, defined as life-threatening, chronically debilitating conditions, represent a substantial public health burden as they affect ca. 2–6% of the population. Currently, there are around 5000–8000 different rare diseases, and these numbers are continuing to increase. Despite intensive research, the genetic etiology and pathomechanisms of the majority of rare diseases are still unclear, and most of them do not yet have an approved therapy. Their diagnostics and care pathways are also challenging due to their rarity, heterogeneous manifestations, multisystem involvement and the often-observed incomplete penetrance. In addition, patients with undiagnosed genetic diseases often face a diagnostic odyssey that lasts for an average of eight years; moreover, a certain number of patients receive a misdiagnosis.

However, due to new sophisticated technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing and mass spectrometry, an increasing amount of genomic and metabolomic data for various rare disorders have recently become available. These data could help us to understand biological mechanisms, identify new genes, determine causative mutations, discover biomarkers and ultimately develop novel therapeutics and diagnostic methods.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect original and review articles that provide cutting-edge knowledge related to genetic, genomic and metabolomic investigations in rare disorders.

Dr. Judit Bene
Dr. Kinga Hadzsiev
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • rare diseases
  • genotype–phenotype analyses
  • NGS
  • mass spectrometry
  • biomarker discovery
  • molecular targeted therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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12 pages, 1684 KB  
Case Report
Biparental and Androgenetic Somatic Mosaicism with Presentation of Non-Syndromic Severe Neonatal Hyperinsulinemia
by Miguel Angel Alcántara-Ortigoza, Marcela Vela-Amieva, Ariadna González-del Angel, Miriam Erandi Reyna-Fabián, Liliana Fernández-Hernández, Bernardette Estandía-Ortega, Sara Guillén-López, Lizbeth López-Mejía, Isabel Ibarra-González, María de la Luz Ruiz-Reyes, Raúl Calzada-de León, Mauricio Rojas-Maruri, Flora Zárate-Mondragón, Go Hun-Seo, Hane Lee and Cynthia Fernández-Lainez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(16), 7985; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26167985 - 19 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy mosaicism (GWpUPIDM) is an extremely rare condition characterized by varying proportions of an androgenetic cell line across different tissues. It is primarily associated with severe congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) stigmata, a high risk (69–79%) of developing neoplasia [...] Read more.
Genome-wide paternal uniparental isodisomy mosaicism (GWpUPIDM) is an extremely rare condition characterized by varying proportions of an androgenetic cell line across different tissues. It is primarily associated with severe congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) stigmata, a high risk (69–79%) of developing neoplasia and, in some cases, additional manifestations of multilocus paternal imprinting disorders (MPIDs). We herein report the first Mexican/Latin American female patient GWpUPIDM presenting with non-syndromic CHI requiring subtotal pancreatectomy and persistent but unexplained asymptomatic diffuse hepatopathy. When she was 8.5 years old, whole-exome sequencing (WES) in blood revealed an unexpectedly high (~92%) proportion of regions of homozygosity. DNA profiling confirmed a single haploid set of paternal chromosomes in both biparental and androgenetic cell lines, with varying proportions of the androgenetic lineage in leukocytes (84%), resected pancreas (74%), buccal cells (47%), and hair follicles (0.7%). Additional WES trio analysis using gDNA from the patient’s buccal cells and blood samples from both parents revealed an allelic frequency of ~75% for the paternally inherited variant NM_000158.4(GBE1):c.555+1G>T [ClinVar:632422; dbSNP:rs759707498]. At age 8.5, the patient exhibited no clinical features of BWS, MPIDs, or neoplasia. However, she presented persistent hepatic abnormalities that warrant further investigation to rule out an unmasked glycogen storage disease type IV (OMIM#232500). Our findings emphasize the critical need for early diagnosis of GWpUPIDM using SNP-based microarray or WES with further confirmation through DNA profiling in patients presenting with CHI, placental mesenchymal dysplasia, BWS stigmata, or other MPID-related conditions, including neoplasia, to facilitate timely cancer surveillance and management. Full article
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