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Antimicrobial Effects and Immunological Mechanisms of Natural Products

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2025) | Viewed by 1795

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, 155 Fifth Street, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
Interests: oral pathogens; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; innate immunity; inflammasome; host-pathogen interactions; epithelium

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Guest Editor
Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Interests: aging; bioelectromagnetism; chronic disease; exclusion zone water; geomagnetic field; gut barrier integrity; inflammation; phytochemicals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases are a major issue for the overall health of humans, contributing to morbidity and mortality. Pathogens are associated with acute and chronic diseases that can affect virtually any tissue in the body and can lead to other clinical conditions, including cancer.

Modern medicine has drastically changed since the first antimicrobial was used in 1910. Antimicrobials extended the average human lifespan by approximately two decades. However, the increasing rate of antibiotic drug resistance, the cost of drugs, and the lack of access to healthcare systems for many people, especially in less-developed countries, support the need for studying traditional medicines for sustainable, cost-effective therapeutic purposes.

Natural products are generally considered to be safer than synthetic drugs, and there is growing interest in further developing the use of natural substances as the source of therapeutic treatments.

This Special Issue aims to collect original articles, literature reviews, and case reports on the antimicrobial effects and immunological mechanisms of emerging natural products during infectious diseases.

Dr. Cassio Almeida-da-Silva
Dr. Jan Martel
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural products
  • antimicrobial
  • immunology
  • treatment
  • microbiology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2004 KB  
Article
Boswellia serrata Extract and Its Bioactive Compound 3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) Induce ROS-Mediated Intracellular Clearance of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells
by David Vang, Pedro Henrique Carneiro, Laura Henao, Adrien Stroumza, Harmony Matshik Dakafay, Scott Davis, David M. Ojcius, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva and Aline Cristina Abreu Moreira-Souza
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27041733 - 11 Feb 2026
Viewed by 1210
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis, known for its ability to invade gingival epithelial cells and persist intracellularly. Conventional antimicrobials are often ineffective against intracellular pathogens, and natural products remain poorly explored in this context. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial effects [...] Read more.
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen in periodontitis, known for its ability to invade gingival epithelial cells and persist intracellularly. Conventional antimicrobials are often ineffective against intracellular pathogens, and natural products remain poorly explored in this context. Here, we investigated the antimicrobial effects of Boswellia serrata extract and its bioactive compounds on the dynamics of P. gingivalis infection in human gingival epithelial cells. During early times of infection, B. serrata extracts stimulated phagocytosis and increased bacterial internalization, suggesting modulation of epithelial uptake mechanisms. At later times of infection, B. serrata increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in host cells and markedly reduced intracellular bacterial load. The antimicrobial effect was abolished by the ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine, confirming a role for oxidative mechanisms in the clearance of P. gingivalis. Similar results were obtained with 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), one of the major boswellic acid derivatives found in B. serrata extract. These findings reveal a dual role of B. serrata compounds in response to P. gingivalis infection, in which B. serrata initially facilitates bacterial entry and subsequently promotes ROS-dependent intracellula These findings provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of host–pathogen interactions by the natural products found in B. serrata. Our results support the therapeutic potential of B. serrata-derived compounds for managing periodontal infections. Full article
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