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Latest Advances in Cytokine Storm

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 1787

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
Interests: cytokine storm; inflammatory; stress response kinase PKR

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cytokine storm, also termed cytokine release syndrome, currently constitutes a highly actual and largely unsolved problem. The inflammatory cytokine response is essential for protective immunity, yet bacterial and viral pathogens often elicit an exaggerated inflammatory response harmful to the host that can cause multi-organ damage and lethality. The problem is compounded by the increasing incidence of multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains. Much has been published recently on cytokine storm within the context of the coronavirus pandemic, yet bacterial sepsis, severe wound infections, toxic shock, and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy of cancer provide other prominent examples.

This Special Issue of IJMS invites contributions from all scientific areas that involve cytokine storm and will provide a forum for the exchange of new concepts and original results from in vitro to in vivo studies.

Prof. Dr. Raymond Kaempfer
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cytokine storm
  • cytokine release syndrome
  • inflammatory
  • protective immunity
  • multi-drug resistant bacterial strains

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

11 pages, 2272 KiB  
Review
Subduing the Inflammatory Cytokine Storm
by Raymond Kaempfer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11194; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011194 - 18 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1536
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine response is essential for protective immunity, yet bacterial and viral pathogens often elicit an exaggerated response (“cytokine storm”) harmful to the host that can cause multi-organ damage and lethality. Much has been published recently on the cytokine storm within the [...] Read more.
The inflammatory cytokine response is essential for protective immunity, yet bacterial and viral pathogens often elicit an exaggerated response (“cytokine storm”) harmful to the host that can cause multi-organ damage and lethality. Much has been published recently on the cytokine storm within the context of the coronavirus pandemic, yet bacterial sepsis, severe wound infections and toxic shock provide other prominent examples. The problem of the cytokine storm is compounded by the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. We created an incisive molecular tool for analyzing the role of the B7/CD28 costimulatory axis in the human inflammatory response. To attenuate the cytokine storm underlying infection pathology, yet preserve host defenses, we uniquely targeted the engagement of CD28 with its B7 co-ligands by means of short peptide mimetics of the human CD28 and B7 receptor homodimer interfaces. These peptides are not only effective tools for dissecting mechanism but also serve to attenuate the inflammatory response as a broad host-oriented therapeutic strategy against the cytokine storm. Indeed, such peptides protect mice from lethal Gram-positive bacterial superantigen-induced toxic shock even when dosed in molar amounts well below that of the superantigen and show promise in protecting humans from the severe inflammatory disease necrotizing soft tissue infections (‘flesh-eating’ bacterial sepsis) following traumatic wound injuries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Advances in Cytokine Storm)
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