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Wired for Change: Neurotransmitter Plasticity and Circuit Dynamics in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 639

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Interests: cellular circadian clocks; mood disorders; neutransmitter plasticity; anxiety; chronopharmacology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite submissions to the Special Issue Wired for Change: Neurotransmitter Plasticity and Circuit Dynamics in Health and Disease, which will explore how dynamic changes in neurotransmitter identity, signaling, and balance shape neural circuit function and behavior. Neurotransmitter plasticity—including phenotype switching, co-release, and re-specification—plays a critical role in adapting brain function to environmental and developmental stages. Disruptions in these processes can contribute to a wide range of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.

This Issue welcomes original research and reviews that examine how neurotransmitter dynamics regulate normal behavior or contribute to the etiology of brain diseases such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and neurodegeneration. We are especially interested in studies using innovative molecular, circuit-level, and translational approaches—including imaging, opto/chemogenetics, single-cell transcriptomics, and disease modeling.

Our goal is to foster cross-disciplinary dialogue and highlight mechanisms by which neurotransmitter flexibility influences behavior and mental health.

We look forward to your contributions.

Dr. Alessandra Porcu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • neurotransmitter
  • behavioral neuroscience
  • neuropsychiatric disorders
  • neurological disorders
  • neuroplasticity
  • neuronal circuit

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

24 pages, 1288 KB  
Review
Chloride Homeostasis Failure in Human Disease: KCC2/NKCC1 Microdomain Dysfunction as a Driver of Cortical Network Collapse
by Dan Dumitrescu, Stefan Oprea, Raluca Tulin, Adrian Vasile Dumitru, Octavian Munteanu and George Pariza
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(7), 3184; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27073184 - 31 Mar 2026
Viewed by 355
Abstract
The regulation of chloride levels is a crucial part of controlling inhibitory signals, but does not occur uniformly throughout the body. Recent data suggest that chloride is regulated within localized “microdomains” which are defined by the interaction of KCC2 and NKCC1, structural restraints [...] Read more.
The regulation of chloride levels is a crucial part of controlling inhibitory signals, but does not occur uniformly throughout the body. Recent data suggest that chloride is regulated within localized “microdomains” which are defined by the interaction of KCC2 and NKCC1, structural restraints on cells due to their internal structure, the metabolic condition of the cell, and the external environment modified by astrocytes. The gradients of chloride concentrations within these compartment-specific microdomains define the local chloride reversal potential, and thereby determine the directionality (i.e., whether excitatory or inhibitory), magnitude, and timing of GABAergic inhibition. The disruption of this organized chloride gradient within microdomains impairs the stability of inhibitory activity at multiple levels of integration, including dendritic input, spike timing, interneuron synchronization, and network oscillation. Disturbances in inhibitory stability have been found in a variety of diseases, including epilepsy, neonatal seizure, neuropathic pain, and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. This supports the hypothesis that disturbances in chloride homeostasis lead to a loss of stability in cortical circuits. This review will provide a synthesis of the molecular, spatial, and circuit level principles involved in the regulation of chloride and discuss how failures of these mechanisms produce clinically relevant disturbances in inhibitory signal processing. In addition, we will be discussing new therapeutic strategies for the restoration of chloride homeostasis, including KCC2 repair, selective modulation of NKCC1, targeting astrocytes, and microenvironmental engineering. Overall, the studies reviewed here provide a unified model for understanding the pathophysiology of inhibitory dysfunction, and demonstrate that the regulation of chloride microdomains provides a novel and promising area of research for translational intervention. Full article
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