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New Molecular Mechanisms and Markers in Inflammatory Disorders, 4th Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2026) | Viewed by 545

Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Inflammation participates in hosts’ defenses against infectious agents and injury, but it also contributes to the pathophysiology of many chronic diseases, ranging from cancer to biomechanical injuries and from chronic to acute disorders. For this reason, the discovery of new, inflammation-linked biomarkers is the goal of many studies focused on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches of inflammation-associated comorbidities. The intention of this Special Issue is to present research papers and reviews focused on new biomarkers of inflammation-associated disorders, which highlight their molecular mechanisms during the onset and progression of pathological states such as cancer, immune diseases, cardiovascular-associated disorders, metabolic diseases, and all other pathological states linked to inflammation. This knowledge should facilitate the development of novel strategies to predict disease susceptibility, target and monitor therapies and, ultimately, develop new approaches to the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with inflammation.

Dr. Elena Vianello
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • inflammation
  • inflammatory disorders
  • biomarkers
  • molecular mechanism of inflammation
  • molecular signaling

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 2072 KB  
Article
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Comparative and Longitudinal Analysis
by Vlad Pădureanu, Lidia Boldeanu, Anca Bobîrcă, Diana Clenciu, Rodica Pădureanu, Adina Mitrea, Veronica Gheorman, Ștefan Pătrașcu, Beatrice Elena Vladu, Albert Georgescu, Ionela Mihaela Vladu and Virginia Maria Radulescu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(12), 5432; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27125432 - 16 Jun 2026
Viewed by 99
Abstract
Metabolically dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a clinically aggressive phenotype associated with accelerated hepatic fibrosis progression. The interplay among oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and the risk of hepatic fibrosis in this context remains incompletely characterised. [...] Read more.
Metabolically dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a clinically aggressive phenotype associated with accelerated hepatic fibrosis progression. The interplay among oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and the risk of hepatic fibrosis in this context remains incompletely characterised. We conducted a single-centre observational study enrolling 110 adult MASLD patients, stratified into two groups: Group 1 (G1, n = 20), patients with concurrent T2DM, followed longitudinally at three successive time points, and Group 2 (G2, n = 90), non-diabetic controls. Serum oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed using malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α). Systemic inflammatory status was quantified through the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Hepatic fibrosis risk was estimated using the FIB-4 index. Diabetic MASLD patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of 8-iso-PGF2α (p = 0.014) and NLR (p = 0.016) compared with controls, indicating greater oxidative membrane damage and systemic neutrophilic inflammation. A robust inverse correlation between PLR and FIB-4 was observed across all analytical strata (combined cohort: Spearman r = −0.680, p < 0.001). MLR emerged as the only independent predictor of MDA in G1 (β = 841.78, p = 0.013). Longitudinal analysis demonstrated biomarker stability over time, except for a significant increase in ALT from T1 to T2 (p_adj = 0.014). These findings support the clinical utility of routinely available haematological inflammatory ratios and lipid peroxidation biomarkers for phenotypic characterisation of MASLD in the diabetic context, highlighting the need for larger prospective studies with histological validation. Full article
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