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Molecular Understanding of Allergen Exposome
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Molecular Understanding of Allergen Exposome

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 1483

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fernando Pineda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Applied Science Department, Inmunotek S.L., Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain
Interests: allergy
Dr. Ruperto Gonzalez-Perez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Interests: food allergy; immunology clinical trials asthma allergic diseases asthma management spirometry lung diseases airway obstruction inflammation respiratory physiology

Special Issue Information

This Special Issue focuses on advancing our molecular understanding of the allergen exposome, the cumulative exposure to allergens, and its impact on health. It aims to explore the interactions between environmental, dietary, and microbial allergens, and their molecular triggers of allergic responses in susceptible individuals. Topics will include the identification of key allergenic molecules, the role of genetic and epigenetic factors in modulating immune responses, and the use of cutting-edge technologies such as multi-omics, molecular imaging, and bioinformatics to profile allergen exposures. We encourage research submissions addressing the development of innovative diagnostic tools, novel therapeutic approaches, and predictive models that assess the risks of allergen exposure, contributing to the prevention and management of allergic diseases. Ultimately, this Special Issue seeks to provide a comprehensive molecular framework for understanding how environmental allergens shape immune system responses and allergic outcomes.

Dr. Fernando Pineda
Dr. Ruperto Gonzalez-Perez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • allergen exposome
  • profile allergen exposures
  • climatic change
  • airborne allergens
  • molecular triggers
  • microbial allergens

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1779 KiB  
Article
Big Data-Driven Evolution of a Diagnostic Multiplex IgE-Test: Enhancing Accuracy and Efficacy in Allergy Diagnostics
by Christian Lupinek, Peter Forstenlechner, Anna Ringauf, Raffaela Campana, Artan Salihu, Martina Aumayr and Irene Mittermann
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094249 (registering DOI) - 29 Apr 2025
Abstract
The ALEX2-test (MacroArray Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria) is a diagnostic multiplex IgE-test for the simultaneous detection of IgE to 178 allergens and 117 extracts, in addition to total IgE. Test results from more than 90 countries are stored on a GDPR-compliant cloud [...] Read more.
The ALEX2-test (MacroArray Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria) is a diagnostic multiplex IgE-test for the simultaneous detection of IgE to 178 allergens and 117 extracts, in addition to total IgE. Test results from more than 90 countries are stored on a GDPR-compliant cloud server for backup, customer support, and continuous postmarket surveillance. To improve the coverage of exposomes on a global scale and to further increase the sensitivity of the test, the allergen panel was updated from ALEX2 to ALEX3. By mid-2023, when ALEX3 was designed, almost 400,000 real-world ALEX2 test results were available. Analysing prevalences and average sIgE-levels of individual allergen preparations, coverage of extracts by components, and co-reactivity of members of the same allergen family provided a rationale for updating the array. In parallel, based on the scientific literature and clinical studies, new allergens were selected. On ALEX3, 218 allergens and 82 extracts will be represented, including 52 new allergens. Allergen preparations with low prevalence and clinical relevance, as well as redundant allergens and extracts, were discontinued. New allergens encompass, e.g., cyclophilins, alpha-gal, and additional markers from respiratory and food allergen sources. Using a large dataset of ALEX2 test results exemplifies the targeted, data-driven improvement of a diagnostic IgE-macroarray. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Understanding of Allergen Exposome)
15 pages, 3506 KiB  
Article
Molecular Signatures of Aeroallergen Sensitization in Respiratory Allergy: A Comparative Study Across Climate-Matched Populations
by Ruperto González-Pérez, César Alberto Galván-Calle, Tania Galán, Paloma Poza-Guedes, Inmaculada Sánchez-Machín, Oscar Manuel Enrique-Calderón and Fernando Pineda
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(1), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26010284 - 31 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 886
Abstract
Climate change is significantly altering the dynamics of airborne allergens, affecting their seasonality, allergenicity, and geographic distribution, which correlates with increasing rates of allergic diseases. This study investigates aeroallergen sensitization among populations from Tenerife, Spain, and Lima, Peru—two regions with similar climates but [...] Read more.
Climate change is significantly altering the dynamics of airborne allergens, affecting their seasonality, allergenicity, and geographic distribution, which correlates with increasing rates of allergic diseases. This study investigates aeroallergen sensitization among populations from Tenerife, Spain, and Lima, Peru—two regions with similar climates but distinct socio-economic conditions. Our findings reveal that Spanish individuals, particularly those with asthma, demonstrate higher sensitization levels to a broader range of allergens, especially mites, with 85% of participants reacting to at least one mite allergen. In contrast, Peruvian patients exhibit a narrower spectrum of sensitization. These results highlight the influence of environmental factors, such as pollution and socio-economic disparities, on allergen exposure and immune responses. Moreover, this study underscores the necessity for region-specific diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to effectively address these variations. By elucidating the intricate relationship between climate change, environmental factors, and allergen sensitization, this research offers insights into respiratory allergic conditions, advocating for tailored interventions to mitigate their impact across diverse populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Understanding of Allergen Exposome)
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