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Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Health and Disease
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Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 9220

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Carlo Agostoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
Interests: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; nutrition; lipid metabolism; metabolic diseases; EPA; DHA; neurodevelopment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Paolo Brambilla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical-Surgical Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
Interests: mental health; mental diseases; affective disorders; personalized medicine; neuroimaging; neuropsychology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite those who are experts in the field to submit a paper to IJMS on the topic of alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) in human nutrition, in health and disease. ALA and linoleic acid (LA, 18:2-6) are essential fatty acids (EFAs), and life in humans is impossible without consuming preformed EFAs through the diet in appropriate amounts. Both parental FAs give direct origin to longer-chain FAs (LC-PUFAs), and, indirectly, through LC-PUFAs, to intermediate molecules such as eicosanoids (thromboxanes and leukotrienes) and docosanoids. Both LC derivatives from LA (n-6 series) and ALA (n-3 series) may self-regulate in order to maintain an inner balance to modulate either growth processes (mainly the n-6 series) and anti-inflammatory activities (mainly the n-3 series). The LA/ALA balance represents a first step to modulating the complementary actions of the two series. Within this crossroads of different molecules, ALA has been poorly characterized in the last several decades, and a reapproach to this topic could be of great interest, from agricultural sources to basic research in order to identify preventive and therapeutic effects.

Prof. Dr. Carlo Agostoni
Prof. Dr. Paolo Brambilla
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)
  • dietary sources of ALA
  • dietary requirements of ALA
  • ALA in basic research
  • ALA as a preventive molecule

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 839 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Rats’ Diet with Ethyl Esters Derived from Linseed Oil and Examining the Resulting Changes in Their Blood Fatty Acid Profile
by Ewa Sokoła-Wysoczańska, Katarzyna Czyż and Anna Wyrostek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13668; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413668 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 833
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids are an important factor contributing to the prevention and cure of numerous diseases, and therefore their supplementation with diet is a significant issue. There are numerous supplements on the market containing omega-3 acids, of both plant and animal origin. In [...] Read more.
Omega-3 fatty acids are an important factor contributing to the prevention and cure of numerous diseases, and therefore their supplementation with diet is a significant issue. There are numerous supplements on the market containing omega-3 acids, of both plant and animal origin. In our study, we compared an effect of linseed oil, ethyl esters of linseed oil and fish oil supplementation to rats’ diet on their blood serum and erythrocyte fatty acid profile. The animals were divided into nine groups, three groups did not receive supplements and differed in dietary fat content, three were fed a high-fat diet for the whole experiment and supplemented, three were fed a high-fat diet and then the control one together with supplements. The experiment lasted 12 weeks. Significant changes in the profile of omega-3 fatty acids, as well as the ration of omega-6 to omega-3, were found in supplemented groups compared to the controls, the changes were more beneficial in groups supplemented with ethyl esters of linseed oil. The results were also more beneficial in groups where in addition to supplementation, there was also a dietary change from high fat to control during the supplementation period. In the case of the erythrocytes, the alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) content in ethyl ester-supplemented groups increased (p < 0.05) by about 60–120%, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by 80%, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by 41–60% compared to the control. In turn, in the blood serum, this increase (p < 0.05) was about 70–125%, 26–40%, and 38–54%, respectively. In the case of ethyl esters, except for an increase in EPA and DHA acids, higher values of ALA were found, which can be further used in the process of conversion to longer-chain omega-3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Health and Disease)
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17 pages, 2314 KiB  
Article
Twelve Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training Alters Adipose Tissue Gene Expression but Not Oxylipin Levels in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
by Susanne Csader, Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah, Tiina Kuningas, Merja Heinäniemi, Janne Suhonen, Ville Männistö, Heikki Pentikäinen, Kai Savonen, Milla-Maria Tauriainen, Jean-Marie Galano, Jetty Chung-Yung Lee, Reeta Rintamäki, Piia Karisola, Hani El-Nezami and Ursula Schwab
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(10), 8509; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24108509 - 9 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2732
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications, including increased physical activity and exercise, are recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflamed adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the progression and development of NAFLD and oxylipins such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxydocosahexanenoic acids (HDHA), prostaglandins (PEG2), and [...] Read more.
Lifestyle modifications, including increased physical activity and exercise, are recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflamed adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the progression and development of NAFLD and oxylipins such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxydocosahexanenoic acids (HDHA), prostaglandins (PEG2), and isoprostanoids (IsoP), which all may play a role in AT homeostasis and inflammation. To investigate the role of exercise without weight loss on AT and plasma oxylipin concentrations in NAFLD subjects, we conducted a 12-week randomized controlled exercise intervention. Plasma samples from 39 subjects and abdominal subcutaneous AT biopsy samples from 19 subjects were collected both at the beginning and the end of the exercise intervention. In the AT of women, a significant reduction of gene expression of hemoglobin subunits (HBB, HBA1, HBA2) was observed within the intervention group during the 12-week intervention. Their expression levels were negatively associated with VO2max and maxW. In addition, pathways involved in adipocyte morphology alterations significantly increased, whereas pathways in fat metabolism, branched-chain amino acids degradation, and oxidative phosphorylation were suppressed in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, in the intervention group, the ribosome pathway was activated, but lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and pathways of AT modification were suppressed (p < 0.05). Most of the oxylipins (HETE, HDHA, PEG2, and IsoP) in plasma did not change during the intervention compared to the control group. 15-F2t-IsoP significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.014). However, this oxylipin could not be detected in all samples. Exercise intervention without weight loss may influence the AT morphology and fat metabolism at the gene expression level in female NAFLD subjects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Health and Disease)
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Review

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14 pages, 616 KiB  
Review
Alpha-Linolenic Acid and Cardiovascular Events: A Narrative Review
by Camilla Bertoni, Martina Abodi, Veronica D’Oria, Gregorio P. Milani, Carlo Agostoni and Alessandra Mazzocchi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14319; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814319 - 20 Sep 2023
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4891
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of global mortality with 1.7 million deaths a year. One of the alternative systems to drug therapy to minimize the risk of CVDs is represented by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid of the omega-3 [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the leading cause of global mortality with 1.7 million deaths a year. One of the alternative systems to drug therapy to minimize the risk of CVDs is represented by alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential fatty acid of the omega-3 series, known for its cholesterol-lowering effect. The main purpose of this review is to analyze the effects of ALA and investigate the relevant omega-6/omega-3 ratio in order to maintain functionally beneficial effects. Concerning the lipid-lowering preventive effects, ALA may favorably affect the values of LDL-C and triglycerides in both adult and pediatric populations. Furthermore, ALA has shown protective effects against hypertension, contributing to balancing blood pressure through customary diet. According to the 2009 EFSA statement, dietary ALA may contribute to reducing the risk of CVDs, thanks to anti-hypertensive, anti-atherosclerotic and cardioprotective effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Health and Disease)
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