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Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will cover a selection of recent research topics and current review articles, reporting on the latest updates in the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiological modifications in brain injury and neurodegeneration.

We will focus on the new perspectives regarding the pathological mechanisms and their interactions in the manifestation of various “classical” neuropsychiatric diseases, while considering relevant reports regarding less-studied or less-common neurodegenerative diseases, such as (but not limited to) motor neuron disease, sclerosis diseases, brain atrophy and atypical dementias.

Moreover, we want to bring additional evidence of the between-neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress from various perspectives, and to improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying common, yet untreatable neurodegenerative diseases, as well as also rare neurodegenerative disorders of which the pathomechanisms are not understood to date.

Dr. Alin Ciobica
Guest Editor

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Keywords

aging
Alzheimer’s disease
dementia
motor neuron disease
neurodegeneration
neuroinflammation
oxidative stress
Parkinson’s disease
rare neurodegenerative diseases

Published Papers (1 paper)

Review

22 pages, 703 KiB

Open AccessReview

Understanding Functional Neurological Disorder: Recent Insights and Diagnostic Challenges

by Ioannis Mavroudis, Dimitrios Kazis, Fatima Zahra Kamal, Irina-Luciana Gurzu, Alin Ciobica, Manuela Pădurariu, Bogdan Novac and Alin Iordache

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4470; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084470 - 18 Apr 2024

Viewed by 544

Abstract

Functional neurological disorder (FND), formerly called conversion disorder, is a condition characterized by neurological symptoms that lack an identifiable organic purpose. These signs, which can consist of motor, sensory, or cognitive disturbances, are not deliberately produced and often vary in severity. Its diagnosis is predicated on clinical evaluation and the exclusion of other medical or psychiatric situations. Its treatment typically involves a multidisciplinary technique addressing each of the neurological symptoms and underlying psychological factors via a mixture of medical management, psychotherapy, and supportive interventions. Recent advances in neuroimaging and a deeper exploration of its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation have shed new light on this disorder. This paper synthesizes the current knowledge on FND, focusing on its epidemiology and underlying mechanisms, neuroimaging insights, and the differentiation of FND from feigning or malingering. This review highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity of FND and the diagnostic challenges it presents. It also discusses the significant role of neuroimaging in unraveling the complex neural underpinnings of FND and its potential in predicting treatment response. This paper underscores the importance of a nuanced understanding of FND in informing clinical practice and guiding future research. With advancements in neuroimaging techniques and growing recognition of the disorder’s multifaceted nature, the paper suggests a promising trajectory toward more effective, personalized treatment strategies and a better overall understanding of the disorder. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Mechanisms and Pathophysiological Modifications in Brain Injury and Neurodegeneration)

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