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Special Issue "Newer Antidiabetics and Cardio-Metabolic Health: From Pathophysiology to Treatment"

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2024 | Viewed by 1039

Special Issue Editors

Outpatient Department of Cardiometabolic Medicine, Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital “Hippokration”, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: type 2 diabetes mellitus; diabetic complications; cardiovascular disease; heart failure; chronic kidney disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
2nd Cardiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, Κonstantinoupoleos 49, 54642 Thessaloniki, PK, Greece
Interests: cardiology; electrophysiology; cardiometabolic medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiometabolic Medicine is an emerging scientific field, attracting physicians across the spectrum of medical specialties, such as Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Endocrinology and Diabetology, and Nephrology. It is clear that type 2 diabetes mellitus constitutes the metabolic pandemic of the 21st century, with pessimistic projections regarding its prevalence. In addition, type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with several comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hyperuricemia, and several others. Some of them are coincident, while others are mostly complications of underlying diabetes mellitus. 

During the last decade, welcome novel classes of antidiabetic drugs have arrived, which have provided remarkable cardiorenal benefits for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, revolutionizing its therapeutic approach. In addition, current treatment guedelines have widely adopted those drug classes across a wide spectrum of comorbidities, even in the absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus at baseline.

This Special Issue will publish high-quality original articles addressing the evolving role of newer antidiabetics in cardiometabolic health in type 2 diabetes mellitus, from pathophysiology to treatment, emphasizing molecular pathways and their therapeutic implications. In addition, narrative reviews and systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses will be considered for publication.

Dr. Dimitrios Patoulias
Dr. Nikolaos Fragakis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • cardiovascular disease
  • chronic kidney disease
  • SGLT-2 inhibitor
  • GLP-1 receptor agonist
  • dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist
  • pathophysiology
  • treatment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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Article
Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Activation Reduces Pulmonary Vein Arrhythmogenesis and Regulates Calcium Homeostasis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(17), 13100; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241713100 - 23 Aug 2023
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Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are associated with reduced atrial fibrillation risk, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The GLP-1 receptor agonist directly impacts cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis, which is crucial in pulmonary vein (PV, the initiator of atrial fibrillation) arrhythmogenesis. [...] Read more.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are associated with reduced atrial fibrillation risk, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The GLP-1 receptor agonist directly impacts cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis, which is crucial in pulmonary vein (PV, the initiator of atrial fibrillation) arrhythmogenesis. This study investigated the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist on PV electrophysiology and Ca2+ homeostasis and elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms. Conventional microelectrodes and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were employed in rabbit PV tissues and single PV cardiomyocytes before and after GLP-1 (7-36) amide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Evaluations were conducted both with and without pretreatment with H89 (10 μM, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, PKA), KN93 (1 μM, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, CaMKII), and KB-R7943 (10 μM, an inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX). Results showed that GLP-1 (7-36) amide (at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 nM) reduced PV spontaneous activity in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting sinoatrial node electrical activity. In single-cell experiments, GLP-1 (7-36) amide (at 10 nM) reduced L-type Ca2+ current, NCX current, and late Na+ current in PV cardiomyocytes without altering Na+ current. Additionally, GLP-1 (7-36) amide (at 10 nM) increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content in PV cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the antiarrhythmic effects of GLP-1 (7-36) amide on PV automaticity were diminished when pretreated with H89, KN93, or KB-R7943. This suggests that the GLP-1 receptor agonist may exert its antiarrhythmic potential by regulating PKA, CaMKII, and NCX activity, as well as modulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, thereby reducing PV arrhythmogenesis. Full article
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Review

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Review
The Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors in the Heart and Kidneys Regardless of Diabetes Status
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(18), 14243; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241814243 - 18 Sep 2023
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Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) are two devastating diseases that may occur in nondiabetics or individuals with diabetes and, when combined, it is referred to as cardiorenal disease. The impact of cardiorenal disease on society, the economy and the healthcare [...] Read more.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) are two devastating diseases that may occur in nondiabetics or individuals with diabetes and, when combined, it is referred to as cardiorenal disease. The impact of cardiorenal disease on society, the economy and the healthcare system is enormous. Although there are numerous therapies for cardiorenal disease, one therapy showing a great deal of promise is sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. The SGLT family member, SGLT2, is often implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of diseases, and the dysregulation of the activity of SGLT2 markedly effects the transport of glucose and sodium across the luminal membrane of renal cells. Inhibitors of SGLT2 were developed based on the antidiabetic action initiated by inhibiting renal glucose reabsorption, thereby increasing glucosuria. Of great medical significance, large-scale clinical trials utilizing a range of SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated both metabolic and biochemical benefits via numerous novel mechanisms, such as sympathoinhibition, which will be discussed in this review. In summary, SGLT2 inhibitors clearly exert cardio-renal protection in people with and without diabetes in both preclinical and clinical settings. This exciting class of inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and diabetic retinopathy via multiple mechanisms, of which many are yet to be elucidated. Full article
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