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Cardioprotection and Mitochondrial Signaling: Insights from Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 2385

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, Tlalpan, Mexico
Interests: cardioprotection; kinase signaling; mitochondria; caveolae; bioenergetics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key feature of ischemia/reperfusion damage, as well as heart failure, both the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Therefore, cardioprotective strategies to prevent alterations of the function of these organelles are currently directed toward reducing the formation of reactive oxygen species, inhibiting the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, regulating kinase signaling and maintaining mitochondrial quality control.

This Special Issue will publish original articles focused on mitochondria as a therapeutic target and novel forms of cardioprotection with the potential to be translated to clinical settings for improving outcomes in AMI patients and preventing heart failure.

All submissions will be peer-reviewed, following the same evaluation criteria as individual IJMS submissions.

Dr. Cecilia Zazueta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • cardioprotection
  • mitochondrial signaling
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • heart failure
  • ischemia/reperfusion
  • mitochondria
  • reactive oxygen species

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4383 KB  
Article
Pharmacologic ROMK Inhibition Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
by Allison C. Wexler, Holly Dooge, Lara Serban, Aditya Tewari, Babak M. Tehrani, Francisco J. Alvarado and Mohun Ramratnam
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(8), 3795; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26083795 - 17 Apr 2025
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Abstract
Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels are closely linked to cardioprotection and are potential therapeutic targets during ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The renal outer medullary K+ channel isoform 2 (ROMK2) is an ATP-sensitive K+ channel found in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. While the germline knockout [...] Read more.
Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channels are closely linked to cardioprotection and are potential therapeutic targets during ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. The renal outer medullary K+ channel isoform 2 (ROMK2) is an ATP-sensitive K+ channel found in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. While the germline knockout of ROMK does not mediate myocardial IR injury, the effect of ROMK loss of function on IR injury in the adult myocardium is unknown. By using a selective small molecule inhibitor of ROMK, we paradoxically found that mouse hearts were protected from IR injury after ROMK inhibition compared to vehicle-treated animals. In addition, we found that ROMK inhibition leads to exaggerated mitochondrial uncoupling and increased ROS production. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), an activator of ROMK, increased the effect of ATP to hyperpolarize cardiac mitochondrial membrane potential. ROMK inhibition also increased mitochondrial swelling in the absence of ATP. In conclusion, pharmacologic ROMK inhibition protects the murine heart from IR injury and may promote a phenotype of enhanced mitochondrial matrix K+. ROMK may be more important during conditions that promote mitochondrial matrix K+ efflux than influx. Further research to understand its role in mitochondrial K+ handling and as a therapeutic target in IR injury is needed. Full article
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Review

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17 pages, 809 KB  
Review
Mitochondria, Sex, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Complex Interplay
by Andrea Iboleon-Jimenez, Alberto Contreras-Muñoz, Cristian Peláez-Berdún, Rafael Franco-Hita, Alba Sesmero, Ainhoa Robles-Mezcua, Jose M. García-Pinilla, Manuel Jimenez-Navarro and Mora Murri
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 8971; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26188971 - 15 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that sex differences significantly influence the development, progression, and outcomes of CVDs. Recent advances have highlighted the central role of mitochondria, not only as cellular energy hubs but [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that sex differences significantly influence the development, progression, and outcomes of CVDs. Recent advances have highlighted the central role of mitochondria, not only as cellular energy hubs but also as key regulators of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, in mediating sex-specific cardiovascular responses. This review explores sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular disease, focusing on the interplay between mitochondrial function and sex hormones in cardiovascular tissues. We summarize current evidence on the molecular, hormonal, and cellular mechanisms contributing to sex-based disparities in cardiovascular outcomes. Preclinical studies suggest that female cardiac mitochondria may exhibit greater antioxidant capacity and produce fewer reactive oxygen species than male mitochondria, contributing to enhanced cardioprotection. Estrogen has been shown to influence mitochondrial bioenergetics and gene expression, affecting vascular tone, inflammation, and cardiac remodelling, whereas the role of testosterone remains less well defined. Additionally, sex-specific mitochondrial signalling responses have been reported under cardiac stress conditions, which may underlie differences in disease presentation and progression. A better understanding of how sex modulates mitochondrial function could improve risk stratification and support the development of personalized prevention and treatment strategies. Further research is needed to translate these mechanistic insights into clinical practice. Full article
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