Exploring Cytochromes P450: Drug Metabolism, Endogenous Metabolism, and Human Health

Dear Colleagues,

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) represents an enzyme group that is characterized by a hemeprotein structure and pivotal for metabolizing both endogenous compounds such as steroids, arachidonic acid, and neurotransmitters and xenobiotics such as drugs and toxins. Consequently, these enzymes hold substantial physiological, pharmacological, and toxicological significance. Nearly 80% of oxidative metabolism and approximately 50% of the comprehensive elimination of commonly prescribed clinical drugs can be attributed to members of the CYP 1–3 subfamily.

The regulation of CYPs is a multifaceted process, unfolding across multiple levels. Critical physiological modulators of these enzymes include hormones, cytokines, and neurotransmitters. Moreover, numerous nuclear factors are engaged in the transcriptional control of CYP genes. Various pharmaceutical agents and drugs of abuse have the capacity to influence CYP metabolism via different mechanisms. In addition, some CYP enzymes are genetically polymorphic or change with age, which affects their ability to metabolize both endogenous and exogenous substrates.

Changes in cytochrome P450 due to the abovementioned characteristics can lead to variations in how an individual patient responds to medications or environmental pollutions. This aspect is of the utmost importance in the field of medical treatment, where it can have a substantial influence on both the efficacy and safety of therapeutic interventions. Thus, personalized pharmacotherapy is highly recommended.

Dr. Ewa Bromek
Prof. Dr. Władysława Anna Daniel
Dr. Wojciech Kuban
Guest Editors

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