Editorial

4 pages, 295 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

by Younghye Cho and Sang Yeoup Lee

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(22), 15003; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215003 - 15 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2536

The Special Issue call for papers on “Metabolic syndrome and its association with biomarkers” was proposed to present research on various markers for pathophysiology and the early detection of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Other

14 pages, 1099 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Soluble ST2 as a New Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Marker in Metabolic Syndrome

by Ignacio Roy, Eva Jover, Lara Matilla, Virginia Alvarez, Amaya Fernández-Celis, Maite Beunza, Elena Escribano, Alicia Gainza, Rafael Sádaba and Natalia López-Andrés

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20(3), 2579; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032579 - 31 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1428

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex and prevalent disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammation might contribute to the progression of MS. Soluble ST2 (sST2) is an attractive and druggable molecule that sits at the interface between inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. This study [...] Read more.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a complex and prevalent disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammation might contribute to the progression of MS. Soluble ST2 (sST2) is an attractive and druggable molecule that sits at the interface between inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. This study aims to analyze the relationship among sST2, oxidative stress, inflammation and echocardiographic parameters in MS patients. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with MS were recruited and underwent physical, laboratory and transthoracic echocardiography examinations. Commercial ELISA and appropriate colorimetric assays were used to quantify serum levels of oxidative stress and inflammation markers and sST2. Results: Circulating sST2 was increased in MS patients and was significantly correlated with the oxidative stress markers nitrotyrosine and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine as well as with peroxide levels. The inflammatory parameters interleukin-6, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and myeloperoxidase were positively correlated with sST2. Noteworthy, sST2 was positively correlated with left ventricular mass, filling pressures and pulmonary arterial pressures. Conclusion: Circulating levels of sST2 are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation burden and may underlie the pathological remodeling and dysfunction of the heart in MS patients. Our results suggest that sST2 elevation precedes diastolic dysfunction, emerging as an attractive biotarget in MS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Metabolic Syndrome in an Elderly Population Aged 50 and Older in a Community Receiving Primary Health Care in Taiwan

by Yu-Lin Shih, Yueh Lin and Jau-Yuan Chen

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(20), 13111; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013111 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1443

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become the most important issue in family medicine and primary care because it is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that are a burden on health care in many countries. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which is elevated in inflammatory [...] Read more.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become the most important issue in family medicine and primary care because it is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that are a burden on health care in many countries. Highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), which is elevated in inflammatory situations, can be produced by monocyte-derived macrophages in adipose tissue. People with MetS tend to have more adipose tissue. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between hsCRP and MetS among elderly individuals aged 50 years and older in northern Taiwan. This study was a cross-sectional community-based study that included 400 middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults, and 400 participants were eligible for analysis. We divided the participants into a MetS group and a non-MetS group. Pearson’s correlations were calculated between hsCRP and other related risk factors. Furthermore, the relationship between hsCRP and MetS was analyzed with logistic regression. People in the MetS group were more likely to have higher hsCRP levels. The Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a positive correlation with hsCRP. In the logistic regression, hsCRP was significantly associated with MetS, even with the adjustment for BMI, uric acid, age, sex, smoking status, drinking status, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In summary, our research indicated that hsCRP could be an independent risk factor for MetS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 723 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels Correlate with Metabolic Syndrome in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

by Chiu-Huang Kuo, Chin-Hung Liu, Ji-Hung Wang and Bang-Gee Hsu

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(14), 8710; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148710 - 18 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1833

Abstract

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbial metabolite that affects atherogenesis and glucose dysregulation. The purpose of this study was to look at the link between blood TMAO levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). Blood samples were [...] Read more.

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut microbial metabolite that affects atherogenesis and glucose dysregulation. The purpose of this study was to look at the link between blood TMAO levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). Blood samples were obtained in fasting status, and serum TMAO level was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. MetS and its components were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria. Of 92 enrolled patients, 51 (55.4%) had MetS. Patients with MetS had a greater proportion of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, higher body weight, waist circumference, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, triglycerides, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin level, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and TMAO level. Multivariable logistic regression models revealed that TMAO level (odds ratio: 1.036, 95% confidence interval: 1.005–1.067, p = 0.023) could be an effective predictor of MetS among the CAD population. In these patients, the log-TMAO level was positively associated with log-CRP (β = 0.274, p = 0.001) and negatively associated with eGFR (β = −0.235, p = 0.022). In conclusion, our study revealed a positive association between serum TMAO level and MetS among patients with CAD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 333 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Alcohol Drinking on Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity in Koreans: Big Data Analysis

by Eun Jung Park, Hye Jung Shin, Sung Soo Kim, Ki Eun Kim, Sun Hyun Kim, Youl Ri Kim, Kyong Mee Chung and Kyung Do Han

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(9), 4949; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19094949 - 19 Apr 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1896

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of alcohol consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity in Koreans by analysis of big data from the National Health Insurance Service health checkup database. A total of 26,991,429 subjects aged 20 years [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of alcohol consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity in Koreans by analysis of big data from the National Health Insurance Service health checkup database. A total of 26,991,429 subjects aged 20 years or older were included. Alcohol consumption was divided into five groups: nondrinkers, ≤7.0 g/d, 7.1–14.0 g/d, 14.1–28.0 g/d, ≥28.1 g/d. Logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for age, exercise, smoking, and income. The odds ratios (ORs) of MetS and obesity in men and women were lowest at ≤7.0 g/d, similar to that of the nondrinkers at 7.1–14.0 g/d, and increased with the alcohol consumption. At 7.1–14.0 g/d in older men, the ORs of metabolic syndrome and obesity were similar to those in the nondrinkers, but the OR of obesity was slightly increased in older women. This study suggests that the risk of MetS and obesity may be higher in Korean men, women, and the elderly who drink more than 14 g/d than the nondrinkers. In people with obesity or abdominal obesity, or those who need to manage their blood pressure, glucose, or triglyceride, drinking more than 7 g/d may increase the risk of MetS. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

10 pages, 309 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Alcohol Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Men

by Yong Woo Lee, Sung Soo Kim, Won Yoon Suh, Yu Ri Seo, Sami Lee, Hyun Gu Kim, Jong Sung Kim, Seok Jun Yoon and Jin Gyu Jung

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(5), 2571; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052571 - 23 Feb 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1742

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of both alcohol consumption and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean men. Methods: A cohort of 364 men included in this study was divided into four groups according to the amount [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of both alcohol consumption and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Korean men. Methods: A cohort of 364 men included in this study was divided into four groups according to the amount of alcohol they consumed: the nondrinkers (ND), low moderate drinkers (LM, ≤7 standard drinks per week), high moderate drinkers (HM, 7 to 14 drinks per week), and heavy drinkers (HD, >14 drinks per week). Logistic regression analyses were performed after adjusting for age, exercise, and smoking. Results: The risk of MetS in the LM group with a high hsCRP level (1.0 or more mg/dL) was not significant. However, the risks of MetS were significantly higher in the HM and HD groups with high hsCRP levels than that in the ND group. The odds ratios of MetS in the HM and HD groups with high hsCRP levels were 3.44 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.25–9.52) and 3.14 (95% CI, 1.07–9.23), respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that the risk of MetS is higher in men who consume more than seven drinks a week with high hsCRP levels than that in nondrinkers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

10 pages, 3460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Muscle Strength with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Adults

by Sung-Bum Lee, Yu-Jin Kwon, Dong-Hyuk Jung and Jong-Koo Kim

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1675; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031675 - 01 Feb 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2033

Abstract

Sarcopenia is known to be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, few studies have revealed the association between muscle strength and prevalence of NAFLD. We investigated the association by using relative handgrip strength in a nationwide cross-sectional survey. The participants were [...] Read more.

Sarcopenia is known to be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, few studies have revealed the association between muscle strength and prevalence of NAFLD. We investigated the association by using relative handgrip strength in a nationwide cross-sectional survey. The participants were recruited from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES). A total of 27,531 subjects from the KNHANES were selected in our study. We used normalized handgrip strength, which is called relative handgrip strength. The index was defined as handgrip strength divided by BMI. These subjects were divided into quartile groups according to relative handgrip strength. NAFLD was defined as hepatic steatosis index >36. Multinomial logistic regression was analysed to investigate the association between relative handgrip strength with prevalence of NAFLD. The mean age of study population was 45.8 ± 0.3 in men, and 48.3 ± 0.2 in women. The proportion of males was 37.5%. In multiple linear regression, relative handgrip strength was inversely associated with HSI index (Standardized β = −0.70; standard error (SE), 0.08; p < 0.001 in men, Standardized β = −0.94; standard error (SE), 0.07; p < 0.001 in women). According to the logistic regression model, the prevalence of NAFLD decreased with quartile 4 groups in relative handgrip strength, compared with quartile 1 groups (OR 0.42 [0.32–0.55] in men; OR 0.30 [0.22–0.40] in women). Relative handgrip strength, used as a biomarker of sarcopenia, is independently inversely associated with NAFLD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1068 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effects of a 12-Week Diet versus Diet plus Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Program on Acylated and Desacylated Ghrelin, and Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase in Adolescent Girls with Obesity

by Hyun Jun Kim, Young Jin Tak, Sang Yeoup Lee and Jeong Pyo Seo

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19(3), 1480; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031480 - 28 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2414

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of a 12-week diet versus diet plus aerobic and resistance exercise programme on acylated ghrelin (AG), desacylated ghrelin (DAG), and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) concentrations in girls with obesity. We randomised 30 adolescents with obesity to a 12-week aerobic [...] Read more.

This study investigated the effects of a 12-week diet versus diet plus aerobic and resistance exercise programme on acylated ghrelin (AG), desacylated ghrelin (DAG), and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) concentrations in girls with obesity. We randomised 30 adolescents with obesity to a 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise group (EG) or a control group (CG). At baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, we measured their body composition, lipid profile, glucose, AG, DAG, and GOAT concentrations. In the EG, the body fat percentage decreased by 2.37% and was significantly lower than that in the CG. The DAG concentrations significantly increased by 48.3% and 27.4% in the EG and CG, respectively. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks, DAG concentrations were significantly higher in the EG than in the CG. AG concentrations were higher at week 12 than at baseline in both groups. In both groups, the GOAT concentrations increased at weeks 8 and 12; however, no between-group differences were observed in the changes in GOAT concentrations. This study showed increased DAG concentrations and non-significant changes in AG and GOAT concentrations after a 12-week aerobic and resistance exercise programme in girls with obesity. These findings suggest that an aerobic and resistance exercise programme influences appetite-regulating hormones, mainly through changes in DAG concentrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research

8 pages, 2313 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

The Effect of Hyperbaric Therapy on Brown Adipose Tissue in Rats

by Chang-Hyung Lee, Young-A Choi, Sung-Jin Heo and Parkyong Song

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(17), 9165; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179165 - 31 Aug 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1720

Abstract

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in thermogenic regulation, which contributes to alleviating diet-induced obesity through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. While cold exposure and physical exercise are known to increase BAT development and UCP1 expression, the contribution of hyperbaric oxygen [...] Read more.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in thermogenic regulation, which contributes to alleviating diet-induced obesity through uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression. While cold exposure and physical exercise are known to increase BAT development and UCP1 expression, the contribution of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy to BAT maturation remains largely unknown. Here, we show that HBO treatment sufficiently increases BAT volumes and thermogenic protein levels in Sprague-Dawley rats. Through ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT analysis, we found that exposure to high-pressure oxygen (1.5–2.5 ATA) for 7 consecutive days increased radiolabeled glucose uptake and BAT development to an extent comparable to cold exposure. Consistent with BAT maturation, thermogenic protein levels, such as those of UCP1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC−1α), were largely increased by HBO treatment. Taken together, we suggest HBO therapy as a novel method of inducing BAT development, considering its therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Metabolic Syndrome and Its Association with Biomarkers

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (9 papers)

Editorial

Research

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI