Epigenome, Epitranscriptome and Single Cell Analysis in Cell Fate Choice

A special issue of Epigenomes (ISSN 2075-4655).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 29708

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: cancer epigenetics; polycomb; chromatin remodeling; gene silencing; cellular differentiation; RNA modifications
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Guest Editor
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ‘Adriano Buzzati-Traverso’, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
Interests: epigenetics; regulation of gene expression; chromatin; methylation; epigenomics; chromatin structure

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Guest Editor
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics Adriano Buzzati Traverso, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: stem cells; pluripotency/differentiation; neuroscience; neurodegenerative disease; cell metabolism; cell signaling; non-coding RNA
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The epigenome refers to the complete DNA methylation, histone modification, nucleosome occupancy, as well as coding and non-coding RNA expression in different cell types. These modifications can result in changes to the structure of chromatin and changes to the function of the genome.The importance of analyzing these modifications at the single cell level is rapidly emerging as a revolutionary reserch area. Similarly, understanding the function and mechanisms of the dynamic RNA modifications, which are termed “RNA epigenetics”, represents a new challenge at the frontier between different disciplines, such as biochemistry, epigenetics, and cutting-edge technology. Reversible RNA modifications add a new dimension to the developing picture of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. This new dimension awaits integration with transcriptional regulation (i.e., DNA modifications), to decipher the multi-layered information that controls a plethora of biological functions. The epitranscriptome includes all the biochemical modifications of the RNA (the transcriptome) within a cell. Thus, in the era of advanced technologies, the exciting next step is to move from mapping nucleotide modifications to understanding how they contribute to biological processes.

In this Special Issue, we will consider reviews, research, or method manuscripts of exceptional interest on the following topics:

-Dynamic DNA and RNA modifications;

-Decoding the function of DNA and RNA modifications;

-DNA and RNA epigenetics in cell and development;

-Epigenomes and epitranscriptomes;

-Single cell analysis

Dr. Luciano Di Croce
Dr. Maria R. Matarazzo
Dr. Annalisa Fico
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • DNA methylation
  • RNA modification
  • histone modification
  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) 
  • epitranscriptome 
  • transcriptome 
  • epigenetics

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 163 KiB  
Editorial
Interplay between DNA and RNA Modifications: A Constantly Evolving Process
by Annalisa Fico, Luciano Di Croce and Maria R. Matarazzo
Epigenomes 2020, 4(4), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4040026 - 23 Nov 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3093
Abstract
The epigenome refers to the entirety of DNA methylations, histone modifications, nucleosome occupancy, and coding and non-coding RNAs (and their modifications) in different cell types [...] Full article

Review

Jump to: Editorial

15 pages, 2012 KiB  
Review
Anticodon Wobble Uridine Modification by Elongator at the Crossroad of Cell Signaling, Differentiation, and Diseases
by Damien Hermand
Epigenomes 2020, 4(2), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4020007 - 12 May 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4594
Abstract
First identified 20 years ago as an RNA polymerase II-associated putative histone acetyltransferase, the conserved Elongator complex has since been recognized as the central player of a complex, regulated, and biologically relevant epitranscriptomic pathway targeting the wobble uridine of some tRNAs. Numerous studies [...] Read more.
First identified 20 years ago as an RNA polymerase II-associated putative histone acetyltransferase, the conserved Elongator complex has since been recognized as the central player of a complex, regulated, and biologically relevant epitranscriptomic pathway targeting the wobble uridine of some tRNAs. Numerous studies have contributed to three emerging concepts resulting from anticodon modification by Elongator: the codon-specific control of translation, the ability of reprogramming translation in various physiological or pathological contexts, and the maintenance of proteome integrity by counteracting protein aggregation. These three aspects of tRNA modification by Elongator constitute a new layer of regulation that fundamentally contributes to gene expression and are now recognized as being critically involved in various human diseases. Full article
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15 pages, 1173 KiB  
Review
Role of m6A in Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation and in Gametogenesis
by Lior Lasman, Jacob H Hanna and Noa Novershtern
Epigenomes 2020, 4(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes4010005 - 14 Mar 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6608
Abstract
The rising field of RNA modifications is stimulating massive research nowadays. m6A, the most abundant mRNA modification is highly conserved during evolution. Through the last decade, the essential components of this dynamic mRNA modification machinery were found and classified into writer, [...] Read more.
The rising field of RNA modifications is stimulating massive research nowadays. m6A, the most abundant mRNA modification is highly conserved during evolution. Through the last decade, the essential components of this dynamic mRNA modification machinery were found and classified into writer, eraser and reader proteins. m6A modification is now known to take part in diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, cell circadian rhythms and cancer stem cell proliferation. In addition, there is already firm evidence for the importance of m6A modification in stem cell differentiation and gametogenesis, both in males and females. This review attempts to summarize the important results of recent years studying the mechanism underlying stem cell differentiation and gametogenesis processes. Full article
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20 pages, 2838 KiB  
Review
LncRNAs and PRC2: Coupled Partners in Embryonic Stem Cells
by Alessandro Fiorenzano, Emilia Pascale, Eduardo Jorge Patriarca, Gabriella Minchiotti and Annalisa Fico
Epigenomes 2019, 3(3), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3030014 - 6 Aug 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6664
Abstract
The power of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) lies in their ability to self-renew and differentiate. Behind these two unique capabilities is a fine-tuned molecular network that shapes the genetic, epigenetic, and epitranscriptomic ESC plasticity. Although RNA has been shown to be functionally important [...] Read more.
The power of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) lies in their ability to self-renew and differentiate. Behind these two unique capabilities is a fine-tuned molecular network that shapes the genetic, epigenetic, and epitranscriptomic ESC plasticity. Although RNA has been shown to be functionally important in only a small minority of long non-coding RNA genes, a growing body of evidence has highlighted the pivotal and intricate role of lncRNAs in chromatin remodeling. Due to their multifaceted nature, lncRNAs interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins, and are emerging as new modulators of extensive gene expression programs through their participation in ESC-specific regulatory circuitries. Here, we review the tight cooperation between lncRNAs and Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is intimately involved in determining and maintaining the ESC epigenetic landscape. The lncRNA-PRC2 partnership is fundamental in securing the fully pluripotent state of ESCs, which must be primed to differentiate properly. We also reflect on the advantages brought to this field of research by the advent of single-cell analysis. Full article
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25 pages, 3305 KiB  
Review
Metabolic–Epigenetic Axis in Pluripotent State Transitions
by Cristina D’Aniello, Federica Cermola, Eduardo J. Patriarca and Gabriella Minchiotti
Epigenomes 2019, 3(3), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/epigenomes3030013 - 31 Jul 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7252
Abstract
Cell state transition (CST) occurs during embryo development and in adult life in response to different stimuli and is associated with extensive epigenetic remodeling. Beyond growth factors and signaling pathways, increasing evidence point to a crucial role of metabolic signals in this process. [...] Read more.
Cell state transition (CST) occurs during embryo development and in adult life in response to different stimuli and is associated with extensive epigenetic remodeling. Beyond growth factors and signaling pathways, increasing evidence point to a crucial role of metabolic signals in this process. Indeed, since several epigenetic enzymes are sensitive to availability of specific metabolites, fluctuations in their levels may induce the epigenetic changes associated with CST. Here we analyze how fluctuations in metabolites availability influence DNA/chromatin modifications associated with pluripotent stem cell (PSC) transitions. We discuss current studies and focus on the effects of metabolites in the context of naïve to primed transition, PSC differentiation and reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), analyzing their mechanism of action and the causal correlation between metabolites availability and epigenetic alteration. Full article
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