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Energies
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Smart Transformers and Their Role in Smart Grids
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Smart Transformers and Their Role in Smart Grids

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 4552

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zhixiang Zou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Interests: smart solid-state transformer; smart transformers; modeling and control of power converters; stability of microgrids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Marco Liserre

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Power Electronics Department, Kiel University, 24143 Kiel, Germany
Interests: modelling and control of power converters connected to the electric grid; solid-state transformer becoming a smart transformer; modular and multilevel power converters for hybrid and meshed grids; reliability of power converters and its improvement through control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The increasing connection of renewables and new loads is challenging distribution grids. In order to overcome current and foreseen challenges, a new concept with the capability of forming intelligent grid nodes is proposed: the “smart transformer”. A smart transformer (ST) is a power-electronics-based transformer, adopting advanced control and communication technologies aiming not only to adapt the voltage level from MV to LV grids, but also to provide ancillary services to the grid. STs have good application prospects in smart grids and microgrids for the integration of renewables, electric vehicles, storages, and smart devices.

In order to exploit their capabilities, STs need to combine power system aspects and power electronics constraints, and thus there are increasing research efforts being made on their topology, modelling, control, stability, and protection, and their ancillary services to grids. This Special Issue focuses on the fundamental technical issues of smart transformers and their advanced functionalities to facilitate smart grids. Prospective authors are invited to submit original contributions or survey papers for review and publication in this Special Issue on Smart Transformers and Their Role in Smart Grids.

Dr. Zhixiang Zou
Prof. Dr. Marco Liserre
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novel smart transformer topologies
  • smart-transformer-fed hybrid power systems
  • modeling and simulation of smart-transformer-fed grids
  • advanced control of smart transformers
  • ancillary services provided by smart transformers
  • stability analysis of smart-transformer-fed grids
  • cybersecurity, reliability, and resiliency in smart-transformer-fed grids
  • smart transformer protection
  • integration of renewables, electric vehicles, and storage devices

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3172 KiB  
Article
Control-Based Two-Layer Protection for Short-Circuit Fault at an LVDC Feeder Branch
by Jiajun Yang, Sebastian Brueske, Giampaolo Buticchi, Chunyang Gu, Sandro Guenter and Pat Wheeler
Energies 2022, 15(11), 4054; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15114054 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1630
Abstract
Low-voltage dc distribution offers high efficiency for grid integration of dc-based technologies such as photovoltaic and battery storage systems and new loads such as charging stations for electric vehicles due to reduced number of conversion stages. However, the selection of protection devices, protection [...] Read more.
Low-voltage dc distribution offers high efficiency for grid integration of dc-based technologies such as photovoltaic and battery storage systems and new loads such as charging stations for electric vehicles due to reduced number of conversion stages. However, the selection of protection devices, protection coordination and selectivity is still subject to research. This work proposes to use a two-layer protection technique utilizing the control capability of power converters in case of a short-circuit fault at branch level of a low voltage dc feeder. The first layer is limiting the bus current using a virtual resistance in the droop control to avoid tripping of the grid-forming converter. The second layer implements a soft fuse tripping technique for selectivity. The control concept is presented and the system stability is analyzed using impedance-based stability analysis. Experimental results on a hardware-in-the-loop setup verify the findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Transformers and Their Role in Smart Grids)
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18 pages, 5822 KiB  
Article
Mixed H2/H∞ Optimal Voltage Control Design for Smart Transformer Low-Voltage Inverter
by Wei Hu, Yu Shen, Zhichun Yang and Huaidong Min
Energies 2022, 15(1), 365; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010365 - 05 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1461
Abstract
The smart transformer has been widely applied for the integration of renewables and loads. For the smart transformer application, the voltage control of low-voltage inverter is important for feeding the load. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization control design approach which comprehensively considers [...] Read more.
The smart transformer has been widely applied for the integration of renewables and loads. For the smart transformer application, the voltage control of low-voltage inverter is important for feeding the load. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization control design approach which comprehensively considers all aspects of indexes, such as linear quadratic (LQ) index, H∞ norm, and closed-loop poles placement, is proposed based on the linear matrix inequality (LMI) solution. The proposed approach is able to alleviate the weight of the designer from the tedious design process of the multiple resonant controllers and the selection of the weighting matrix for the LQ control. Besides that, some excellent performances such as fast recovering time, low total harmonic distortion (THD) and high robustness are achieved by the proposed approach. The THD are 0.5% and 1.7% for linear and non-linear loads, respectively. The voltage drop for linear load step is reduced to 10 V. The proposed approach is applied to a 5 kVA three-phase inverter to yield an optimal control law. Results from the simulation and experiment presented herein will illustrate and validate the proposed approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Transformers and Their Role in Smart Grids)
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