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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H: Geo-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 October 2021) | Viewed by 7433

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jiafei Zhao

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Guest Editor

Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of the Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: natural gas hydrate exploration and production technology; gas hydrates in flow assurance; gas hydrates as new energy resources

Dr. Yue Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

John Wood Group plc, Houston, TX 77084, USA
Interests: natural gas hydrate exploration and production technology; gas hydrate in flow assurance; gas hydrate as new energy resources

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue of Energies titled “Advances in Gas Hydrate Technology” is aimed at bridging the gap between hydrate research and practice. This Special Issue focuses on promoting fundamental and applied hydrate research by publishing well-written, peer-reviewed articles and exchanging valuable ideas among individaul researchers, scientists, engineers, business leaders, and policy-makers.

This Special Issue seeks comprehensive reviews and reseach articles covering the fields of natural gas hydate exploration, storage, production, and transportation. The main topics include, but are not limited to: hydate thermodynamics and phase equilibria; hydrate inhibition studies in oil and gas production and transportation; hydrate-based desalination processes; hydrate kinetics; molecular simulation of hydrate formation; hydrates in multiphase flow; carbon dioxide sequestration via gas hydrates; natural gas hydrate discovery, assessment, and production. Papers on all subtopics of gas hydrates are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jiafei Zhao
Dr. Yue Hu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Natural gas hydrate exploration, assessment, and production
Hydrate mitigation and remediation in pipelines
Hydrate-based desalination, separation, and gas storage
Hydrates in multiphase flow
Hydrate thermodynamics and phase equilibria
Molecular simulation of hydrate formation and dissociation
Carbon dioxide storage via gas hydrates

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Hydrate-Based Separation for Industrial Gas Mixtures

by Muhammad Khan, Pramod Warrier, Cornelis Peters and Carolyn Koh

Energies 2022, 15(3), 966; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030966 - 28 Jan 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1892

Abstract

The removal of acidic gases and impurities from gas mixtures is a critical operation in the oil and gas industry. Several separation techniques, e.g., cryogenic fractionation, polymeric membranes, zeolites, and metal–organic frameworks, are employed to treat gas mixtures depending upon the nature of separation and contaminants present in the gas mixtures. However, removing N₂, H₂, H₂S, and CO₂ contents from industrial gas mixtures is a challenging step due to economic factors, high energy consumption, and effective separation. Hydrate-based separation for selective gas removal is a promising and efficient separation technique over a range of temperatures, pressures, and acidic gas contents. The enclathration of CO₂, H₂, N₂, H₂S, and other natural gas constituents effectively removes acidic gases and other contaminants from process gas streams. This work presents a novel process design to remove acidic gases and other contaminants from industrial waste gases and natural gas mixtures to achieve the desired selectivity in gas mixtures. Multi-phase equilibria calculations were also performed for various binary and ternary gas mixtures (e.g., CO₂ + CH₄, H₂S + CH₄, CO₂ + N₂, CH₄ + CO₂ + H₂S, and CO₂ + H₂S + N₂) over a range of compositions and T, P conditions. The former calculations established the suitable region in terms of temperature and pressure for adequate separations. To determine the optimal process conditions (T & P) for efficient separation, fractional cage occupancy and gas mole fraction in each phase were also computed. A detailed analysis of the hydrate-based separation shows that the number of stages necessary for desired separation efficiency depends on the nature of the gas mixture and hydrate stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gas Hydrate Technology)

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10 pages, 28253 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Growth Kinetics and Morphology of Methane Hydrate Film in a Porous Glass Microfluidic Device

by Xingxun Li, Cunning Wang, Qingping Li, Qi Fan, Guangjin Chen and Changyu Sun

Energies 2021, 14(20), 6814; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206814 - 18 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1540

Abstract

Natural gas hydrates are widely considered one of the most promising green resources with large reserves. Most natural gas hydrates exist in deep-sea porous sediments. In order to achieve highly efficient exploration of natural gas hydrates, a fundamental understanding of hydrate growth becomes highly significant. Most hydrate film growth studies have been carried out on the surface of fluid droplets in in an open space, but some experimental visual works have been performed in a confined porous space. In this work, the growth behavior of methane hydrate film on pore interior surfaces was directly visualized and studied by using a transparent high-pressure glass microfluidic chip with a porous structure. The lateral growth kinetics of methane hydrate film was directly measured on the glass pore interior surface. The dimensionless parameter (−∆G/(RT)) presented by the Gibbs free energy change was used for the expression of driving force to explain the dependence of methane hydrate film growth kinetics and morphology on the driving force in confined pores. The thickening growth phenomenon of the methane hydrate film in micropores was also visualized. The results confirm that the film thickening growth process is mainly determined by water molecule diffusion in the methane hydrate film in glass-confined pores. The findings obtained in this work could help to develop a solid understanding on the formation and growth mechanisms of methane hydrate film in a confined porous space. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gas Hydrate Technology)

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14 pages, 5257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Promoted Disappearance of CO₂ Hydrate Self-Preservation Effect by Surfactant SDS

by Xueping Chen, Shuaijun Li, Peng Zhang, Wenting Chen, Qingbai Wu, Jing Zhan and Yingmei Wang

Energies 2021, 14(13), 3909; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133909 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1757

Abstract

The capture, storage and utilization of CO₂ through hydrate-related technology is a promising approach to addressing the global warming issue. Dissociation is required after the transportation of CO₂ gas in the form of a self-preserving hydrate. In order to investigate the dissociation behaviors as the self-preservation effect is removed, CO₂ hydrates were frozen, and then the self-preservation effect was removed through uniform heating. An evident dependence of hydrate dissociation duration on the initial dissociation rates after losing the preservation effect was observed. The results in the silica gel powder and sodium dodecyl sulphate solution showed significant reductions in the initial dissociation temperatures and a slight decrease in the initial dissociation rates when compared with those of pure water. The reductions in the former were 2.88, 2.89, and 5.73 °C in silica gel, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and a combination of the two, respectively, while the reductions in the latter were 0.12, 0.12, and 0.16 mmol/min, respectively. As the results are inconsistent with the conventional mechanism elucidating a self-preservation effect, the ice shell theory was hence further supplemented by introducing innovative contribution factors—nonenclathrated liquid water and gas molecules dissolved inside. These findings are expected to provide references for CO₂ gas transportation and usage of the self-preservation effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gas Hydrate Technology)

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19 pages, 1668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Thermodynamic and Kinetic Effects of Sodium Lignin Sulfonate on Ethylene Hydrate Formation

by Yiwei Wang, Lin Wang, Zhen Hu, Youli Li, Qiang Sun, Aixian Liu, Lanying Yang, Jing Gong and Xuqiang Guo

Energies 2021, 14(11), 3291; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14113291 - 04 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1638

Abstract

Hydrate-based technologies (HBTs) have high potential in many fields. The industrial application of HBTs is limited by the low conversion rate of the water into hydrate (R_WH), and sodium lignin sulfonate (SLS) has the potential to solve the above problem. In order to make the HBTs in the presence of SLS applied in industry and promote the advances of commercial HBTs, the effect of SLS on the thermodynamic equilibrium hydrate formation pressure (P_eq) was investigated for the first time, and a new model (which can predict the P_eq) was proposed to quantitatively describe the thermodynamic effect of SLS on the hydrate formation. Then, the effects of pressure and initial SLS concentration on the hydrate formation rate (r_R) at different stages in the process of hydrate formation were investigated for the first time to reveal the kinetic effect of SLS on hydrate formation. The experimental results show that SLS caused little negative thermodynamic effect on hydrate formation. The P_eq of the ethylene-SLS solution system predicted by the model proposed in this work matches the experimental data well, with an average relative deviation of 1.6% and a maximum relative deviation of 4.7%. SLS increased R_WH: the final R_WH increased from 57.6 ± 1.6% to higher than 70.0% by using SLS, and the highest final R_WH (77.0 ± 2.1%) was achieved when the initial SLS concentration was 0.1 mass%. The r_R did not significantly change as R_WH increased from 35% to 65% in the formation process in the presence of SLS. The effect of increasing pressure on increasing r_R decreased with the increase in R_WH when R_WH was lower than 30%, and the difference in pressure led to little difference in the r_R when R_WH was higher than 30%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Gas Hydrate Technology)

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