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Energy Use for Industrial and Propulsive Applications and Carbon Emissions...
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Energy Use for Industrial and Propulsive Applications and Carbon Emissions Reduction

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B3: Carbon Emission and Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 7366

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Giovanni Mummolo

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Guest Editor
Industrial Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, 70126 Bari BA, Italy
Interests: operations management; human performance in production systems; safety of industrial plants; sustainable logistics
Prof. Dr. Antonio Ficarella

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via Per Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: energy systems; propulsive systems; fluid machinery; applied fluid dynamics; combustion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Angelo Tafuni

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Guest Editor
School of Applied Engineering and Technology & Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
Interests: computational fluid dynamics; aerospace propulsion; multiphase flow; waves; renewable energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of energy in the industrial and propulsive contexts is of great scientific and societal interest due to the technological, economic, and environmental aspects involved. The spectrum of industrial sectors accounting for higher fossil fuel and renewable energy consumption, as well as carbon emissions, is wide and ranges from “process” to “product” industry. The service industry is also responsible for a great share of energy consumption and environmental emissions. As an example, logistics and transportation are responsible for approximately 30% of greenhouse gas emissions(GHGs).

A wide spectrum of innovative energy-based technological options in the framework of sustainable manufacturing is available. Hydrogen and fuel cells, decarbonization of industrial processes via clean fuels and renewable energies, biomass from sewage or industrial sludges, and new propulsive concepts are only a few examples of field applications where new technology is sought.

New systems solutions stemming from the rational integration of energy systems, consolidated processes, and plants often provide effective answers to complex problems when conflicting economic and environmental goals are pursued. Recent years have seen an increasing interest in artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches as a means to provide efficiency and flexibility, and, hence, improve the reliability of energy systems in a cost- and environment-effective way.

Finally, new business models considering environmental and social variables beyond classical economic ones are also required to identify feasible technological solutions.

This Special Issue seeks research contributions in all fields of industrial energy use and reduction of GHGs contributions from basic to applied research with pilot industrial applications/demos.

Papers from this Special Issue will provide state-of-the-art insights into industrial and propulsive use of energy and related carbon emission for the scientific and industrial communities. The interdisciplinary nature of this Special Issue is consistent with contributions from different areas, including mechanical and industrial engineering, and computer and information technology, economics, and ecology.

Prof. Giovanni Mummolo
Prof. Dr. Antonio Ficarella
Prof. Angelo Tafuni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy
  • innovative industrial processes
  • energy efficiency
  • energy recovery
  • process and plant integration
  • greenhouse gas emission
  • new business models
  • analytical and simulation models
  • artificial intelligence
  • machine learning
  • new propulsive concepts

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 4440 KiB  
Article
Minimum Emissions Configuration of a Green Energy–Steel System: An Analytical Model
by Salvatore Digiesi, Giovanni Mummolo and Micaela Vitti
Energies 2022, 15(9), 3324; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15093324 - 03 May 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1706
Abstract
The need to significantly reduce emissions from the steelmaking sector requires effective and ready-to-use technical solutions. With this aim, different decarbonization strategies have been investigated by both researchers and practitioners. To this concern, the most promising pathway is represented by the replacement of [...] Read more.
The need to significantly reduce emissions from the steelmaking sector requires effective and ready-to-use technical solutions. With this aim, different decarbonization strategies have been investigated by both researchers and practitioners. To this concern, the most promising pathway is represented by the replacement of natural gas with pure hydrogen in the direct reduced iron (DRI) production process to feed an electric arc furnace (EAF). This solution allows to significantly reduce direct emissions of carbon dioxide from the DRI process but requires a significant amount of electricity to power electrolyzers adopted to produce hydrogen. The adoption of renewable electricity sources (green hydrogen) would reduce emissions by 95–100% compared to the blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) route. In this work, an analytical model for the identification of the minimum emission configuration of a green energy–steel system consisting of a secondary route supported by a DRI production process and a renewable energy conversion system is proposed. In the model, both technological features of the hydrogen steel plant and renewable energy production potential of the site where it is to be located are considered. Compared to previous studies, the novelty of this work consists of the joint modeling of a renewable energy system and a steel plant. This allows to optimize the overall system from an environmental point of view, considering the availability of green hydrogen as an inherent part of the model. Numerical experiments proved the effectiveness of the model proposed in evaluating the suitability of using green hydrogen in the steelmaking process. Depending on the characteristics of the site and the renewable energy conversion system adopted, decreases in emissions ranging from 60% to 91%, compared to the BF–BOF route, were observed for the green energy–steel system considered It was found that the environmental benefit of using hydrogen in the secondary route is strictly related to the national energy mix and to the electrolyzers’ technology. Depending on the reference context, it was found that there exists a maximum value of the emission factor from the national electricity grid below which is environmentally convenient to produce DRI by using only hydrogen. It was moreover found that the lower the electricity consumption of the electrolyzer, the higher the value assumed by the emission factor from the electricity grid, which makes the use of hydrogen convenient. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Use for Industrial and Propulsive Applications and Carbon Emissions Reduction)
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15 pages, 1059 KiB  
Article
Circular Economy Approach on Energy Cogeneration in Petroleum Refining
by Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Pinto, Henrricco Nieves Pujol Tucci, Giovanni Mummolo, Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto and Francesco Facchini
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1713; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051713 - 25 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2147
Abstract
The heat recovery of hot exhaust air in petroleum refining for energy cogeneration is a circular strategy to reduce costs and environmental impact. Despite several articles on this subject, there is a lack of study on the assessment of the economic and environmental [...] Read more.
The heat recovery of hot exhaust air in petroleum refining for energy cogeneration is a circular strategy to reduce costs and environmental impact. Despite several articles on this subject, there is a lack of study on the assessment of the economic and environmental advantages of energy cogeneration in petroleum refining. The objective of this research was to evaluate the economic and environmental gains obtained by energy cogeneration from the heat dissipated in the calcination of green petroleum coke. The research method was a case study in a petrochemical industry in Brazil. From an economic point of view, the cogeneration unit project has shown positive results: a discounted payback period of eight years and nine months, net present value (NPV) over a span of a twenty-year period of US$43,825,592, a return on investment (ROI) estimated to be 14%, and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 12%. From an ecological perspective, the produced energy in the cogeneration process reduced 163,992 ton CO2eq per year of greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. This study has increased the knowledge of heat recovery in energy cogeneration in petroleum refining. This work contributes by providing some advantages of heat recovery as a circular economy strategy for business development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Use for Industrial and Propulsive Applications and Carbon Emissions Reduction)
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17 pages, 3577 KiB  
Article
An Economic Model to Assess Profitable Scenarios of EAF-Based Steelmaking Plants under Uncertain Conditions
by Francesco Facchini, Giorgio Mossa, Giovanni Mummolo and Micaela Vitti
Energies 2021, 14(21), 7395; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14217395 - 05 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2143
Abstract
The steelmaking processes are considered extremely energy-intensive and carbon-dependent processes. In 2018, it was estimated that the emissions from global steel production represented 7–9% of direct emissions generated by fossil fuels. It was estimated that a specific emissions value of 1.8 tCO2 [...] Read more.
The steelmaking processes are considered extremely energy-intensive and carbon-dependent processes. In 2018, it was estimated that the emissions from global steel production represented 7–9% of direct emissions generated by fossil fuels. It was estimated that a specific emissions value of 1.8 tCO2 per ton of steel was produced due to the carbon-dependent nature of the traditional blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route. Therefore, it is necessary to find an alternative solution to the BF-BOF route for steel production to counteract this negative trend, resulting in being sustainable from an environmental and economic point of view. To this concern, the objective of this work consists of developing a total cost function to assess the economic convenience of steelmaking processes considering the variability of specific market conditions (i.e., iron ore price, scraps price, energy cost, etc.). To this purpose, a direct reduction (DR) process fueled with natural gas (NG) to feed an electric arc furnace (EAF) using recycled steel scrap was considered. The approach introduced is totally new; it enables practitioners, managers, and experts to conduct a preliminary economic assessment of innovative steelmaking solutions under market uncertainty. A numerical simulation has been conducted to evaluate the profitability of the investment considering the economic and environmental costs. It emerged that the investment is profitable in any case from an economic perspective. On the contrary, considering the environmental costs, the profitability of the investment is not guaranteed under certain circumstances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Use for Industrial and Propulsive Applications and Carbon Emissions Reduction)
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