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Integration Technology for Large Scale Battery Pack in Mobile and Stationary Applications

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2022) | Viewed by 14397

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Khay Wai See

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Guest Editor

Department of superconducting and electronic materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
Interests: power converters; battery management systems; electric current control; energy storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Battery pack technology for large-scale applications both in mobile and stationary applications has become unusually common and important. Rapid progress in battery material science research and development has played a vital role in the adoption of large-scale battery packs. Additional key factors that contributed to the magnitude of applications are advancements in the battery management systems and the integrated power conversion technology that allows battery packs to operate in a relatively safe margin without compromising the efficiency and performance of the overall system. In particular, smart algorithms to estimate the battery state of charge and the health and performance of the battery are important factors in further driving battery pack technology to a more comfortable adoption in large scale applications.

This Special Issue will collect and disseminate original research or review articles on different techniques for estimating the various states of the battery, particularly for large-scale applications, and power conversion topology that works alongside the battery pack. Different types of thermal management techniques, analysis, and conversion topologies, both from fundamental and application studies, will also be considered.

Dr. Khay Wai See
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

battery management systems
state of charge
power conversion topology
state of health
state of performance
estimation
large-scale battery pack
thermal management

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 7639 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low Power Modular Battery Management System with a Wireless Communication Interface

by Roman Gozdur, Tomasz Przerywacz and Dariusz Bogdański

Energies 2021, 14(19), 6320; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196320 - 03 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2290

Abstract

The paper concerns the design and development of large electric energy storage systems made of lithium cells. Most research advances in the development of lithium-ion battery management systems focus solely on safety, functionality, and improvement of the procedures for assessing the performance of systems without considering their energy efficiency. The paper presents an alternative approach to the design and analysis of large modular battery management systems. A modular battery management system and the dedicated wireless communication system were designed to analyze and optimize energy consumption. The algorithms for assembly, reporting, management, and communication procedures described in the paper are a robust design tool for further developing large and scalable battery systems. The conducted analysis of energy efficiency for the exemplary 100S15P system shows that the energy used to power the developed battery management system is comparable to the energy dissipated due to the intrinsic self-discharge of lithium-ion cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration Technology for Large Scale Battery Pack in Mobile and Stationary Applications)

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16 pages, 10126 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis and Analysis of Three-Port DC/DC Converters with Two Bidirectional Ports Based on Power Flow Graph Technique

by Hamzeh Aljarajreh, Dylan Dah-Chuan Lu, Yam P. Siwakoti, Chi K. Tse and K. W. See

Energies 2021, 14(18), 5751; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14185751 - 13 Sep 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1968

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic topological study to derive all possible basic and non-isolated three-port converters (TPCs) using power flow diagrams. Unlike most reported TPCs with one bidirectional port, this paper considers up to two bidirectional ports and provides a comprehensive analytical tool. This tool acts as a framework for all power flow combinations, selection, and design. Some viable converter configurations have been identified and selected for further analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration Technology for Large Scale Battery Pack in Mobile and Stationary Applications)

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15 pages, 5743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Sliding Window and SHAP Theory—An Improved System with a Long Short-Term Memory Network Model for State of Charge Prediction in Electric Vehicle Application

by Xinyu Gu, KW See, Yunpeng Wang, Liang Zhao and Wenwen Pu

Energies 2021, 14(12), 3692; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123692 - 21 Jun 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3041

Abstract

The state of charge (SOC) prediction for an electric vehicle battery pack is critical to ensure the reliability, efficiency, and life of the battery pack. Various techniques and statistical systems have been proposed in the past to improve the prediction accuracy, reduce complexity, and increase adaptability. Machine learning techniques have been vigorously introduced in recent years, to be incorporated into the existing prediction algorithms, or as a stand-alone system, with a large amount of recorded past data to interpret the battery characteristics, and further predict for the present and future. This paper presents an overview of the machine learning techniques followed by a proposed pre-processing technique employed as the input to the long short-term memory network (LSTM) algorithm. The proposed pre-processing technique is based on the time-based sliding window algorithm (SW) and the Shapley additive explanation theory (SHAP). The proposed technique showed improvement in accuracy, adaptability, and reliability of SOC prediction when compared to other conventional machine learning models. All the data employed in this investigation were extracted from the actual driving cycle of five different electric vehicles driven by different drivers throughout a year. The computed prediction error, as compared to the original SOC data extracted from the vehicle, was within the range of less than 2%. The proposed enhanced technique also demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of the prediction results through the persistent computed output from a random selection of the data sets, consisting of different driving profiles and ambient conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration Technology for Large Scale Battery Pack in Mobile and Stationary Applications)

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16 pages, 1862 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accurate Online Battery Impedance Measurement Method with Low Output Voltage Ripples on Power Converters

by Qi Yao, Dylan-Dah-Chuan Lu and Gang Lei

Energies 2021, 14(4), 1064; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041064 - 18 Feb 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2824

Abstract

The conventional online battery impedance measurement method works by perturbing the duty cycle of the DC-DC power converter and measuring the response of the battery voltage and current. This periodical duty cycle perturbation will continuously generate large voltage ripples at the output of power converters. These large ripples will not easily be removed due to the high amplitude and wide frequency range and would be a challenge to meet tight output regulation. To solve this problem, this paper presents a new online battery impedance measurement technique by inserting a small switched resistor circuit (SRC) into the converter. The first contribution of this work is that the perturbation source is moved from the main switch to the input-side of the converter, so the ripples are reduced. The analysis and experimental results of the proposed method show a reduction of 16-times compared with the conventional method. The second contribution tackles the possible change of the battery state of charge (SOC) during the online battery measurement process, which will inevitably influence the impedance measurement accuracy. In this proposed method, battery impedance at multiple frequencies can be measured simultaneously using only one perturbation to accelerate measurement speed and minimize possible SOC change. The experimental impedance results coincide with a high-accuracy laboratory battery impedance analyzer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration Technology for Large Scale Battery Pack in Mobile and Stationary Applications)

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Review

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31 pages, 8771 KiB

Open AccessReview

Large-Scale Li-Ion Battery Research and Application in Mining Industry

by Lingyu Meng, Guofa Wang, Khay Wai See, Yunpeng Wang, Yong Zhang, Caiyun Zang, Rulin Zhou and Bin Xie

Energies 2022, 15(11), 3884; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113884 - 25 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3270

Abstract

The lithium-ion battery (LIB) has the advantages of high energy density, low self-discharge rate, long cycle life, fast charging rate and low maintenance costs. It is one of the most widely used chemical energy storage devices at present. However, the safety of LIB is the main factor that restricts its commercial scalable application, specifically in hazardous environments such as underground coal mines. When a LIB is operating under mechanical and electrical abuse such as extrusion, impact, overcharge and overheating, it will trigger thermal runaway and subsequently cause fire or even an explosion. According to the relevant requirements in IEC60079, the explosion-proof protection of LIB can be adapted to the working environment of high dust and explosive gas environments such as in the mining face of coal production. This paper presents an overview of the LIB-relevant technology, thermal runaway, safety and applications in the general mining industry with implications to establish a theoretical and technical basis for the application of high-capacity LIBs in the industry. These then promote intelligent, safe and efficient production not only for the coal mine industry but also for non-coal applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration Technology for Large Scale Battery Pack in Mobile and Stationary Applications)

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