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Advances in Electromagnetic Analysis and Design of Electrical Machines and Devices

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2023) | Viewed by 15397

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marco Arjona

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Guest Editor

La Laguna Institute of Technology (TNM), Torreon 27000, Coahuila, Mexico
Interests: computational electromagnetics; electrical machines; power transformers; wind and PV energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current trends to decrease greenhouse emissions have led to the sustainability of electrical machines and their related electric devices such as electric power transformers. Governments of many countries and environmental organizations have been limiting the Carbon Dioxide emissions to avoid our planet warming. It is known that electric energy generation is the leading in greenhouse emissions and that electric motors represent the primary electric energy consumption. The above represent an area of opportunity to reduce Carbon Dioxide emissions by developing high efficiency and novel designs of electrical machines. You are invited to submit contributions related to the recent advances in the electromagnetic analysis and design of electrical machines and devices. The scope of the papers can include, but is not limited to, the following topics:

Electrical machines
Electrical power transformers
Optimization algorithms
Electromagnetic analysis and modeling
Numerical modeling and analysis of electrical machines
Multi-physics of electrical machines and devices
Material modeling applied to electrical machines
Mathematical reduction of electrical machines

Prof. Dr. Marco Arjona
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

electrical machines
electromagnetic devices
power transformers
electromagnetics
numerical modeling
optimization
design
multiphysics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 11848 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Multi-Objective Electromagnetic Design Optimization of a Power Transformer Using 3D Finite Element Analysis, Response Surface Methodology, and the Third Generation Non-Sorting Genetic Algorithm

by Concepcion Hernandez, Jorge Lara, Marco A. Arjona and Enrique Melgoza-Vazquez

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2248; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052248 - 26 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1623

Abstract

This paper presents a multi-objective design optimization of a power transformer to find the optimal geometry of its core and the low- and high-voltage windings, representing the minimum power losses and the minimum core and copper weights. The optimal design is important because it allows manufacturers to build more efficient and economical transformers. The approach employs a manufacturer’s design methodology, which is based on the usage of the laws of physics and leads to an analytical transformer model with the advantage of requiring a low amount of computing time. Afterward, the multi-objective design optimization is defined along with its constraints, and they are solved using the Non-Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III), which finds a set of optimal solutions. Once an optimal solution is selected from the Pareto front, it is necessary to fine-tune it with the 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA). To avoid the large computing times needed to carry out the 3D Finite Element (FE) model simulations used in multi-objective design optimization, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) polynomial models are developed using 3D FE model transformer simulations. Finally, a second multi-objective design optimization is carried out using the developed RSM empirical models that represent the cost functions and is solved using the NSGA-III. The numerical results of the optimal core and windings geometries demonstrate the validity of the proposed design methodology based on the NSGA-III. The used global optimizer has the feature of solving optimization problems with many cost functions, but it has not been applied to the design of transformers. The results obtained in this paper demonstrate better performance and accuracy with respect to the commonly used NSGA-II. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electromagnetic Analysis and Design of Electrical Machines and Devices)

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13 pages, 3231 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Modeling and Analysis of an Electromagnetic Device Using a Weakly Coupled Magnetostatic-Mechanical Formulation and the 2D Finite Element Method

by Manuel Pineda-Arciniega, Marco A. Arjona, Concepcion Hernandez and Rafael Escarela-Perez

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2182; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052182 - 24 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1443

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology to program the weak coupling between magnetic and structural vector fields in an electromagnetic device modeled in two dimensions. The magneto-mechanical coupling phenomenon is present in electromagnetic devices where magnetic forces cause displacements in metallic materials. This work proposes a numerical solution to this problem by applying the 2D finite element method to the governing equations of this coupled multiphysics phenomenon. The well-known formulation yields accurate results; however, it is often not properly integrated into a computer program. This manuscript proposes a flexible and intuitive methodology for the implementation of the complex mathematics involved in this phenomenon into a computer program. The computer code receives the input parameters, discretizes the geometry by generating a 2D finite mesh, solves the resulting equations using the finite element method, and finally exports the results of the magnetic ang mechanical fields. The modeling is performed using an open-source platform for programming the finite element method in the programming language Python, and afterwards, the results are compared against a commercial software as validation of the proposed numerical approach. The novel magneto-mechanical coupling methodology is used to solve an engineering application, namely an electromagnetic actuator. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electromagnetic Analysis and Design of Electrical Machines and Devices)

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15 pages, 5380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design Optimization of an Axial Flux Magnetic Gear by Using Reluctance Network Modeling and Genetic Algorithm

by Gerardo Ruiz-Ponce, Marco A. Arjona, Concepcion Hernandez and Rafael Escarela-Perez

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1852; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041852 - 13 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1610

Abstract

The use of a suitable modeling technique for the optimized design of a magnetic gear is essential to simulate its electromagnetic behavior and to predict its satisfactory performance. This paper presents the design optimization of an axial flux magnetic gear (AFMG) using a two-dimensional (2D) magnetic equivalent circuit model (MEC) and a Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA). The proposed MEC model is configured as a meshed reluctance network (RN) with permanent magnet magnetomotive force sources. The non-linearity in the ferromagnetic materials is accounted for by the MEC. The MEC model based on reluctance networks (RN) is considered to be a good compromise between accuracy and computational effort. This new model will allow a faster analysis and design for the AFMG. A multi-objective optimization is carried out to achieve an optimal volume-focused design of the AFMG for future practical applications. The performance of the optimized model is then verified by establishing flux density comparisons with finite element simulations. This study shows that with the combination of an MEC-RN model and a GA for its optimization, a satisfactory accuracy can be achieved compared to that of the finite element analysis (FEA), but with only a fraction of the computational time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electromagnetic Analysis and Design of Electrical Machines and Devices)

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12 pages, 9702 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research on Air Gap Magnetic Field Characteristics of Trapezoidal Halbach Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motor Based on Improved Equivalent Surface Current Method

by Bo Li, Jun’an Zhang, Xiaolong Zhao, Bo Liu and Hao Dong

Energies 2023, 16(2), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020793 - 10 Jan 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1131

Abstract

Accurate analysis of the air gap magnetic field is the focus of research in the field of precision permanent magnet linear synchronous motors. In this paper, the two-dimensional air gap magnetic field of a secondary trapezoidal Halbach permanent magnet array coreless permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) was taken as our research object. On the basis of the equivalent surface current method, we proposed an improved equivalent analytical algorithm with a trapezoidal side length unit. The equivalent analytical model of the magnetic induction vector of the two-dimensional air gap was established, and the air gap magnetic field of the trapezoidal Halbach array coreless PMLSM was calculated. At the same time, we analyzed the influence of the bottom angle α of a trapezoidal permanent magnet equivalent width coefficient α_w, pole height coefficient α_h, and air gap height coefficient α_g on the amplitude (B_peak) and total harmonic distortion (THD_B) of the central magnetic field in the air gap. The results show that α and α_w have a significant influence on the B_peak and THD_B of the central magnetic field air gap. With the synergy of α and α_w, we identified the “flux convergence” effect, which makes the maximum range of B_peak α > 90° and α_w < 0.5. We also found the “equilateral” effect, which causes the minimum region of THD_B to change linearly. The calculation results of the improved equivalent surface current analytical model established in this paper agree with those verified by the finite element method. The calculation is convenient, and the accuracy of the result is high. This research provides a new method for analyzing the air gap magnetic field of a permanent magnet with a nonrectangular cross-section and lays a theoretical foundation for optimizing the PMLSM pole model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electromagnetic Analysis and Design of Electrical Machines and Devices)

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Review

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32 pages, 6893 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Magnetic Gear Technologies Used in Mechanical Power Transmission

by Gerardo Ruiz-Ponce, Marco A. Arjona, Concepcion Hernandez and Rafael Escarela-Perez

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1721; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041721 - 09 Feb 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 8746

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review on magnetic gears, highlighting the advantages of using these technologies for mechanical power transmission applications in wind energy conversion systems and transportation, such as in electric vehicles. Magnetic gear technologies have important advantages over their mechanical counterparts. They can perform the speed change and torque transmission between input and output shafts by a contactless mechanism with a quiet operation and overload protection without the issues associated with conventional mechanical gears. The paper describes the fundamentals and operating principle of the field-modulated magnetic gear topologies and investigates the magnetic torque transmission mechanism. However, despite all the advantages highlighted in different research and development reports, there is still no convincing evidence to show that magnetic gear technologies are an acceptable alternative for industrial applications. The aim of this paper is to summarize previous work on magnetic gears to identify the topologies most suited for mechanical power transmission systems in wind energy conversion systems and electric vehicle applications. These applications will show that research and development of magnetic gear technologies contribute significantly to solutions for sustainable systems, a subject to which our current civilization must pay a lot of attention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Electromagnetic Analysis and Design of Electrical Machines and Devices)

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