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Alternative Energy—Accompanying Processes That Hinder or Promote Implementation

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 2938

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Retired, Department of Production Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska St. 45A, PL-15351 Bialystok, Poland
Interests: energetic efficiency of fuels; production of biofuels; energetic aspects of materials production and recycling; energetic aspects of sustainable development
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past decade, the energy transition appears to be a major challenge for communities, countries, international agendas, and industries. The needs of transformation are driven by issues such as global warming, pollution of the atmosphere, land and oceans, and the prospect of the depletion of fossil energy resources. About 20 years ago, the existence of these issues was questioned by some participants in global discussions. Recent publications, summarized in a book [1] co-authored by Nobel Laureates, have provided fundamental scientific evidence for the causes and consequences of global warming related to "Greenhouse gases" emissions, mainly carbon dioxide, methane, etc. The second book [2], an analysis of 332 literature sources written by well-educated journalists, shows the consequences of global warming on various aspects of Germany's standard of living and economy. The picture looks catastrophic. Only human creativity, thanks to new inventions and new practical solutions, can avoid a real catastrophe. However, this possibility is sometimes misinterpreted. For example, the introduction of electric cars should lead to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, provided that electricity generation methods do not produce more greenhouse gases than emissions from fossil-fuel-powered cars replaced by electric ones [3]. The introduction of electric cars in order to achieve required environmental effects requires appropriate investments in low-emission energy production, the construction of necessary infrastructures, etc. The type of dependence between the accompanying processes is not always recognized. This may lead to a situation where some accompanying processes become a real obstacle relative to the achievement of the main goal. These barriers can be technical or technological in nature (as well as economic, financial, legal, or social in nature) when society is not prepared to accept changes.

This Special Issue is devoted to articles analyzing the observed situations, searching for solutions, or describing already-achieved solutions in various fields of alternative energy harvesting and applications. Original papers and reviews are welcome.

  1. Manabe, S.; Broccoli, A.J. Beyond Global Warming: How Numerical Models Revealed the Secrets of Climate Change; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 2020.
  2. Reimer, N.; Staud, T. Deutschland 2050: Wie der Klimawandel Unser Leben Verändern Wird; Verlag Kiepenheuer & Witsch: Köln, Germany, 2021.
  3. Wasiak, A.L. Modeling of the effects of implementation of alternative ways of vehicle powering. Fuels 2021, 2, 487–500.

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Wasiak
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • alternative energy sources
  • renewable energy sources
  • technology implementation processes

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4790 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Financial Losses and Methods of Shutdowns Prevention of Photovoltaic Installations Caused by the Power Grid Failure in Poland
by Krzysztof Hanzel
Energies 2024, 17(4), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040946 - 18 Feb 2024
Viewed by 448
Abstract
Shutdowns of photovoltaic installations are a problem that has been increasingly affecting private investors who have built home installations of several to a dozen kWp over the last few years. This problem, most often caused by outdated infrastructure, appears in many countries and [...] Read more.
Shutdowns of photovoltaic installations are a problem that has been increasingly affecting private investors who have built home installations of several to a dozen kWp over the last few years. This problem, most often caused by outdated infrastructure, appears in many countries and impacts energy production. This work focuses on three aspects of the problem. The first one answers the question of how shutdowns of the photovoltaic installation affect production, and how significant the energy loss happens when the PV inverter is not working or is in the restart phase. The second aspect proposes an original, low-cost method that reduces the number of shutdowns. This method relates to the auto-consumption mechanism associated with domestic water heaters and the system for measuring voltage and energy consumption from the electrical network. The solution is based on constant monitoring of the network voltage and the switching of heaters based on a dedicated algorithm. Additionally, continuous analysis also allows for reporting observed irregularities to the electricity supplier. The third and final factor corresponds to the real impact of shutdowns on the long-term aspect of the investment and the extension of its payback period, and to what extent the proposed solution shortens this period. Through a detailed analysis on the issue of shutdowns, the proposed solution allows for a reduction in the number of shutdowns by over 40%. However, due to the fact that it discusses a specific case, this solution requires a calibration and adjustment process, which is discussed in the article. Full article
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16 pages, 1777 KiB  
Article
Reduction in Energy Consumption Due to Modernized Cultivation Aggregates
by Volodymyr Bulgakov, Volodymyr Nadykto, Olga Orynycz, Simone Pascuzzi, Ivan Beloev, Vadym Yaremenko and Karol Tucki
Energies 2023, 16(2), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020795 - 10 Jan 2023
Viewed by 999
Abstract
The article presents the effect of using a tillage tool with skimmers, second stage skimmers, and bodies (double-deck plow) on the reduction of traction resistance and energy consumption by at least 1.1 kN, i.e., 3.3%. In addition, the statistical characteristics of the plowing [...] Read more.
The article presents the effect of using a tillage tool with skimmers, second stage skimmers, and bodies (double-deck plow) on the reduction of traction resistance and energy consumption by at least 1.1 kN, i.e., 3.3%. In addition, the statistical characteristics of the plowing depth and the width of the longitudinal profile of the field are stabilized. The use of agricultural machinery with skimmers, secondary skimmers, or bodies ensures even distribution of plowing depth fluctuations. The use of a plow without skimmers mounted on it leads to a regular and significant increase in the spread of fluctuations in the working depth and cross-section of the field. The normalized correlation function of this process is characterized by the presence of a noticeably marked periodic component. When the plow is used without skimmers mounted on it, the working period of the unit practically corresponds to the working width of the tillage tool. The use of skimmers with a grinding angle of 25° causes its deformation in the soil environment, which results in stratification, not shearing. This ensures a statistically significant and regular decrease in the traction resistance of the plow. Full article
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12 pages, 17237 KiB  
Article
Reduction in Energy Consumption by Mitigation of Cultivation Resistance Due to the New Fallow Harrow Concept
by Volodymyr Bulgakov, Volodymyr Nadykto, Olga Orynycz and Simone Pascuzzi
Energies 2022, 15(22), 8500; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228500 - 14 Nov 2022
Viewed by 1078
Abstract
One of the best precursors for winter wheat is fallow. Its application aims to solve two important tasks: preserving and accumulating soil moisture and weed control. The authors of this paper have designed a new modular harrow for fallow tillage, which can work [...] Read more.
One of the best precursors for winter wheat is fallow. Its application aims to solve two important tasks: preserving and accumulating soil moisture and weed control. The authors of this paper have designed a new modular harrow for fallow tillage, which can work stably at a depth of 5–6 cm tillage while maintaining and even accumulating soil moisture. This article describes a method designed by the authors for a reasonable selection of the design parameters concerning the working devices mounted inside the new harrow, such as their length and working width, as well as the angles of vertical inclination (ε) and horizontal deviation (γ) of blades, depending on the accepted depth of the upper soil layer loosening. To reduce the soil tillage resistance of the harrowing unit resulting in a reduction in the tractor fuel consumption, the value of the inclination angle (ε) of its vertical blade should be chosen so that the corresponding change in the value of the deflection angle of the horizontal blade (γ) complies with the constrain of the product of tangents of these angles. Moreover, preference should be given to choosing the value of the angle ε with the subsequent determination of the angle γ value. It is demonstrated that proper use of the new type of harrow assures fuel savings and decreases carbon dioxide emissions even if fossil fuel alone is used. Additional reduction of CO2 emission can be achieved when biofuels are used as a replacement for fossil ones. Full article
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