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Advances in Research on Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated with Desalination Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 March 2025) | Viewed by 11066

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Muhammad Wajid Saleem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Computing (SEC), De Montfort University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Interests: renewable energy; desalination systems; salinity gradient based power (SGP) generation systems; carbon capture; artificial neural network-based process optimization
Dr. Muhammad Wakil Shahzad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mechanical and Construction Engineering Department, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
Interests: water treatment; cooling; energy storage; renewables; thermodynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Special Issue focuses on the crucial intersection of renewable energy technologies and water desalination processes. This emerging field aims to address two pressing global challenges simultaneously: the growing demand for clean water and the need to transition towards sustainable energy sources.

Water scarcity is a significant concern in many regions, and desalination has emerged as a solution to provide fresh water from seawater or brackish sources. However, traditional desalination processes are energy-intensive and can contribute to environmental degradation. The integration of renewable energy technologies, such as solar, wind, geothermal, and salinity gradient energy, with desalination systems presents a promising solution. By utilizing clean and abundant energy sources, the energy footprint of desalination processes can be reduced, making them more environmentally friendly and economically viable.

This Special Issue aims to showcase cutting-edge research that explores the technical advancements, innovations, and challenges in integrating renewable energy technologies with desalination systems. It invites research paper submissions that explore the design, material development and characterization, performance evaluation, comparative analysis, optimization, and real-world implementation of such integrated systems. Ultimately, this collaboration between renewable energy and desalination holds great potential to ensure access to clean water while contributing to a sustainable and greener future. Researchers are encouraged to submit their work to contribute to the collective knowledge at the nexus of water and energy.

Dr. Muhammad Wajid Saleem
Dr. Muhammad Wakil Shahzad
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid desalination systems
  • thermally driven desalination systems
  • membrane desalination technologies
  • performance optimization
  • sustainable desalination system
  • stand-alone desalination systems

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 3705 KiB  
Article
Visualizing the Landscape and Evolution of Solar Energy-Integrated Desalination Systems via Scientometric Analysis
by Yvhan Berana, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Hassan Ali and Abdalellah Mohmmed
Energies 2024, 17(12), 2857; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17122857 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1092
Abstract
Rising population levels exert significant pressure on available freshwater resources. Scientists and researchers from various countries are diligently seeking a long-lasting solution using solar-powered desalination. This research paper investigates the current advancements in solar desalination research by utilizing the method of “scientometrics”. Scientometrics [...] Read more.
Rising population levels exert significant pressure on available freshwater resources. Scientists and researchers from various countries are diligently seeking a long-lasting solution using solar-powered desalination. This research paper investigates the current advancements in solar desalination research by utilizing the method of “scientometrics”. Scientometrics employs traditional methodologies, including bibliometrics, which entails quantifying the number of research papers published, and citation analysis, which involves examining the frequency with which other researchers cite these papers. By integrating these two approaches, scientometrics provides invaluable information about the most influential countries, institutions, and individual researchers in the field. Utilizing the software program VOSviewer, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on 1855 research papers published between 2010 and 2024. These papers were selected based on a predetermined set of ten key search terms. The results of the analysis indicate that China is the leading country in this field, as it boasts the highest number of published papers and the most citations received overall. Notably, Egyptian research institutions have been identified as the most influential in this area. Moreover, a single author has notably amassed 3419 citations for their 54 published works on solar desalination. This analysis unveiled past and contemporary advancements in the field and identified current trends through keyword analysis. It also offers recommendations based on bibliometric findings, including suggestions for addressing the challenges faced by solar-derived systems and addressing research area saturation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated with Desalination Systems)
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Review

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23 pages, 6271 KiB  
Review
Offshore Wind Power—Seawater Electrolysis—Salt Cavern Hydrogen Storage Coupling System: Potential and Challenges
by Xiaoyi Liu, Yashuai Huang, Xilin Shi, Weizheng Bai, Si Huang, Peng Li, Mingnan Xu and Yinping Li
Energies 2025, 18(1), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010169 - 3 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3467
Abstract
Offshore wind power construction has seen significant development due to the high density of offshore wind energy and the minimal terrain restrictions for offshore wind farms. However, integrating this energy into the grid remains a challenge. The scientific community is increasingly focusing on [...] Read more.
Offshore wind power construction has seen significant development due to the high density of offshore wind energy and the minimal terrain restrictions for offshore wind farms. However, integrating this energy into the grid remains a challenge. The scientific community is increasingly focusing on hydrogen as a means to enhance the integration of these fluctuating renewable energy sources. This paper reviews the research on renewable energy power generation, water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and large-scale hydrogen storage. By integrating the latest advancements, we propose a system that couples offshore wind power generation, seawater electrolysis (SWE) for hydrogen production, and salt cavern hydrogen storage. This coupling system aims to address practical issues such as the grid integration of offshore wind power and large-scale hydrogen storage. Regarding the application potential of this coupling system, this paper details the advantages of developing renewable energy and hydrogen energy in Jiangsu using this system. While there are still some challenges in the application of this system, it undeniably offers a new pathway for coastal cities to advance renewable energy development and sets a new direction for hydrogen energy progress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated with Desalination Systems)
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33 pages, 3633 KiB  
Review
Seawater Treatment Technologies for Hydrogen Production by Electrolysis—A Review
by Łukasz Mika, Karol Sztekler, Tomasz Bujok, Piotr Boruta and Ewelina Radomska
Energies 2024, 17(24), 6255; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246255 - 11 Dec 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2169
Abstract
Green hydrogen, produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy sources (RES), is an emerging technology that aligns with sustainable development goals and efforts to address climate change. In addition to energy, electrolyzers require ultrapure water to operate. Although seawater is abundant on the [...] Read more.
Green hydrogen, produced by water electrolysis using renewable energy sources (RES), is an emerging technology that aligns with sustainable development goals and efforts to address climate change. In addition to energy, electrolyzers require ultrapure water to operate. Although seawater is abundant on the Earth, it must be desalinated and further purified to meet the electrolyzer’s feeding water quality requirements. This paper reviews seawater purification processes for electrolysis. Three mature and commercially available desalination technologies (reverse osmosis, multiple-effect distillation, and multi-stage flash) were examined in terms of working principles, performance parameters, produced water quality, footprint, and capital and operating expenditures. Additionally, pretreatment and post-treatment techniques were explored, and the brine management methods were investigated. The findings of this study can help guide the selection and design of water treatment systems for electrolysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated with Desalination Systems)
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46 pages, 6819 KiB  
Review
Seawater Desalination System Driven by Sustainable Energy: A Comprehensive Review
by Guoyu Zhang and Xiaodong Wang
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5706; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225706 - 14 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2452
Abstract
Seawater desalination is one of the most widely used technologies for freshwater production; however, its high energy consumption remains a pressing global challenge. Both the development and utilization of sustainable energy sources are anticipated to mitigate the energy shortages associated with seawater desalination [...] Read more.
Seawater desalination is one of the most widely used technologies for freshwater production; however, its high energy consumption remains a pressing global challenge. Both the development and utilization of sustainable energy sources are anticipated to mitigate the energy shortages associated with seawater desalination while also effectively addressing the environmental issues linked to fossil fuel usage. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the classification and evolution of traditional desalination technologies, emphasizing the advancements, progress, and challenges associated with integrating various sustainable energy sources into the desalination process. Then, the cost, efficiency, and energy consumption of desalination systems driven by sustainable energy are discussed, and it is found that even the most widely used reverse osmosis (RO) technology driven by fossil fuels has CO2 emissions of 0.3–1.7 kgCO2/m3 and the lowest cost of desalinated water as high as 0.01 USD/m3, suggesting the necessity and urgency of applying sustainable energy. A comparison of different seawater desalination systems driven by different sustainable energy sources is also carried out. The results reveal that although the seawater desalination system driven by sustainable energy has a lower efficiency and a higher cost than the traditional system, it has more potential from the perspective of environmental protection and sustainable development. Furthermore, the efficiency and cost of desalination technology driven by a single sustainable energy source is lower than that driven by multi-sustainable energy sources, while the efficiency of desalination systems driven by multi-sustainable energy is lower than that driven by hybrid energy, and its cost is higher than that of desalination systems driven by hybrid energy. Considering factors such as cost, efficiency, consumption, economic scale, and environmental impact, the integration of various seawater desalination technologies and various energy sources is still the most effective strategy to solve water shortage, the energy crisis, and environmental pollution at present and in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated with Desalination Systems)
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24 pages, 1697 KiB  
Review
Advanced Wastewater Treatment: Synergistic Integration of Reverse Electrodialysis with Electrochemical Degradation Driven by Low-Grade Heat
by Qiang Leng, Feilong Li, Zhenxin Tao, Zhanwei Wang and Xi Wu
Energies 2024, 17(21), 5362; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215362 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 874
Abstract
The reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) represents a transformative innovation that converts low-grade thermal energy into salinity gradient energy (SGE). This crucial form of energy powers reverse electrodialysis (RED) reactors, significantly changing wastewater treatment paradigms. This comprehensive review explores the forefront of this [...] Read more.
The reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) represents a transformative innovation that converts low-grade thermal energy into salinity gradient energy (SGE). This crucial form of energy powers reverse electrodialysis (RED) reactors, significantly changing wastewater treatment paradigms. This comprehensive review explores the forefront of this emerging field, offering a critical synthesis of key discoveries and theoretical foundations. This review begins with a summary of various oxidation degradation methods, including cathodic and anodic degradation processes, that can be integrated with RED technology. The degradation principles and characteristics of different RED wastewater treatment systems are also discussed. Then, this review examines the impact of several key operational parameters, degradation circulation modes, and multi-stage series systems on wastewater degradation performance and energy conversion efficiency in RED reactors. The analysis highlights the economic feasibility of using SGE derived from low-grade heat to power RED technology for wastewater treatment, offering the dual benefits of waste heat recovery and effective wastewater processing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Research on Renewable Energy Technologies Integrated with Desalination Systems)
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