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New Trends in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
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New Trends in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2024 | Viewed by 7075

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Emilia Szumska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Automotive Engineering and Transport, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Interests: electric vehicle; hybrid vehicle; driver behavior; life cycle cost; road traffic safety; vehicle testing
Prof. Dr. Rafał Stanisław Jurecki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Automotive Engineering and Transport, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Interests: research and modeling of driver behavior; active and passive safety of vehicles; EV and BEV road vehicle testing; vehicle diagnostics; drive system; vehicle operation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A vehicle can be powered by multiple energy sources. Drivetrains in which propulsion power is supplied from more than one energy source are called hybrid drives. Today, the most common hybrid drives used in motor vehicles combine an internal combustion engine with an electric motor, powered by energy from an electrochemical battery. Another type of hybrid drive can be found in fuel cell vehicles. In this type of hybrid drive, a fuel cell works together with an electrochemical battery.

Hybrid vehicles offer big economic and environmental benefits. They also provide greater flexibility than vehicles with a conventional powertrain. With the right configuration and an appropriate energy management system, the use of a variety of driving modes for varying operating conditions can optimize overall performance, enhance efficiency, and reduce pollutant emissions.

In this Special Issue of Energies entitled “New Trends in Hybrid Electric Vehicles”, we encourage you to submit papers concerning the latest technologies and new developments in the field of hybrid vehicles, including powertrain energy efficiency, energy sources, energy management systems, advanced motor drives, advanced power electronics, and regenerative braking systems. Of particular interest will be papers discussing the energy efficiency of hybrids and the environmental and economic aspects of their operation.

Dr. Emilia Szumska
Prof. Dr. Rafał Stanisław Jurecki
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hybrid vehicles
  • electric vehicles
  • plug-in hybrid
  • fuel cell vehicles
  • energy efficiency
  • energy sources
  • energy management
  • powertrain
  • internal combustion engine
  • power electronics
  • braking
  • energy recuperation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 6241 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Effect of Road Load on Energy Consumption and Exhaust Emissions of a Hybrid Vehicle in an Urban Road Driving Cycle—Comparison of Road and Chassis Dynamometer Tests
by Artur Jaworski, Hubert Kuszewski, Krzysztof Lew, Paweł Wojewoda, Krzysztof Balawender, Paweł Woś, Rafał Longwic and Sergii Boichenko
Energies 2023, 16(15), 5723; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16155723 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 844
Abstract
Differences between the results obtained in laboratory and road tests of vehicles depend on a number of factors. Among the most important of these are driving cycle and road load. These parameters also affect the hybrid drive control, including the combustion engine operation [...] Read more.
Differences between the results obtained in laboratory and road tests of vehicles depend on a number of factors. Among the most important of these are driving cycle and road load. These parameters also affect the hybrid drive control, including the combustion engine operation or driving in electric mode. In most studies, tests carried out on chassis dynamometers concern type approval cycles (NEDC—New European Driving Cycle, WLTC—World-wide harmonized Light duty Test Cycle, FTP— Federal Test Procedure), which differ from real on-road tests. Consequently, the different driving cycles do not allow for results similar to those obtained during on-road driving, especially as the actual cycles on the road are unrepeatable. It is also important to determine the effect of the motion resistance function adopted for chassis dynamometer tests on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. For this purpose, the authors tested a hybrid car under road and laboratory conditions for the same driving cycle. The analysis was conducted for an example urban road cycle in Rzeszow (URRC). The purpose of the study was to determine the differences in the results of gaseous emissions (THC, CO, CO2, NOx) and fuel consumption (energy) of a hybrid car under road conditions, with the results of tests conducted on a chassis dynamometer, for the same cycle and three functions of resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Hybrid Electric Vehicles)
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28 pages, 9191 KiB  
Article
Accurate Remaining Available Energy Estimation of LiFePO4 Battery in Dynamic Frequency Regulation for EVs with Thermal-Electric-Hysteresis Model
by Zhihang Zhang, Languang Lu, Yalun Li, Hewu Wang and Minggao Ouyang
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5239; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135239 - 7 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1675
Abstract
Renewable energy power generation systems such as photovoltaic and wind power have characteristics of intermittency and volatility, which can cause disturbances to the grid frequency. The battery system of electric vehicles (EVs) is a mobile energy storage system that can participate in bidirectional [...] Read more.
Renewable energy power generation systems such as photovoltaic and wind power have characteristics of intermittency and volatility, which can cause disturbances to the grid frequency. The battery system of electric vehicles (EVs) is a mobile energy storage system that can participate in bidirectional interaction with the power grid and support the frequency stability of the grid. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery systems, with their advantages of high safety and long cycle life, are widely used in EVs and participate in frequency regulation (FR) services. Accurate assessment of the state of charge (SOC) and remaining available energy (RAE) status in LiFePO4 batteries is crucial in formulating control strategies for battery systems. However, establishing an accurate voltage model for LiFePO4 batteries is challenging due to the hysteresis of open circuit voltage and internal temperature changes, making it difficult to accurately assess their SOC and RAE. To accurately evaluate the SOC and RAE of LiFePO4 batteries in dynamic FR working conditions, a thermal-electric-hysteresis coupled voltage model is built. Based on this model, closed-loop optimal SOC estimation is achieved using the extended Kalman filter algorithm to correct the initial value of SOC calculated by ampere-hour integration. Further, RAE is accurately estimated using a method based on future voltage prediction. The research results demonstrate that the thermal-electric-hysteresis coupling model exhibits high accuracy in simulating terminal voltage under a 48 h dynamic FR working condition, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of only 18.7 mV. The proposed state estimation strategy can accurately assess the state of LiFePO4 batteries in dynamic FR working conditions, with an RMSE of 1.73% for SOC estimation and 2.13% for RAE estimation. This research has the potential to be applied in battery management systems to achieve an accurate assessment of battery state and provide support for the efficient and reliable operation of battery systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Hybrid Electric Vehicles)
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Review

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18 pages, 2234 KiB  
Review
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure along Highways in the EU
by Emilia M. Szumska
Energies 2023, 16(2), 895; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020895 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3669
Abstract
One aspect of the competitiveness of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles is the ability to recharge batteries quickly. Ideally, this process would take no longer than it takes to refuel vehicles powered by conventional fuels. The term fast charging is generally used to [...] Read more.
One aspect of the competitiveness of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles is the ability to recharge batteries quickly. Ideally, this process would take no longer than it takes to refuel vehicles powered by conventional fuels. The term fast charging is generally used to refer to alternating current (AC) charging of more than 22 kW and direct current (DC) charging often referred to as fast or ultra-fast charging at high power. Currently, fast charging points are located within the public charging infrastructure, mainly along highways. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the availability of existing charging infrastructure equipped with fast charging points for electric vehicles in European Union countries. In addition, the paper discusses EU policy in terms of zero-emission vehicles and technical issues related to charging infrastructure. Based on a review of the current state of charging infrastructure and plans for its development in light of the EU Green Deal for Europe regulations, it can be concluded that in many regions the fast charging infrastructure for electric cars is still insufficiently developed. Due to the great economic diversity of EU countries, the development of charging infrastructure proceeds at different paces. For this reason, it is important to ensure that fast charging points are located primarily along the TEN-T network and highways. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Hybrid Electric Vehicles)
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