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Electrifying the Future: Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transport and Energy

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "E: Electric Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2024) | Viewed by 12081

Special Issue Editors

Dr. David Jiménez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Information Processing and Telecommunication Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: electric vehicle; energy management and optimization; vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jesus Fraile-Ardanuy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Information Processing and Telecommunication Center, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: renewable energy; distributed generation; electric vehicle integration; smart grids/microgrids; energy storage systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

"Electrifying the Future: Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transport and Energy" is a Special Issue dedicated to advancing the understanding and application of modeling and simulation techniques in the realm of Electric Vehicles (EVs). This issue aims to explore innovative research and cutting-edge developments that can contribute to the sustainable transformation of transport and energy sectors.

The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following:

EV Powertrain Modeling: in-depth analysis of electric vehicle powertrain components, such as batteries, motors, and control systems, using advanced modeling and simulation approaches.

Energy Management and Optimization: research on energy management strategies, charging infrastructure, and optimization techniques to enhance the efficiency and reliability of EVs within smart grid systems.

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Integration: investigations into bidirectional power flow and the potential for EVs to serve as distributed energy resources, supporting grid stability and demand response.

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of EVs: studies on the environmental impact of EVs throughout their entire life cycle, including manufacturing, usage, and end-of-life considerations.

EV Fleet Modeling: application of simulations to study the impact of electrified fleets on urban transportation systems and the environment.

Policy and Economics: assessment of policies, incentives, and economic models that promote the adoption of EVs and sustainable transportation practices.

Virtual Prototyping and Testing: use of simulation tools to develop virtual prototypes and conduct safety and performance testing, reducing the need for physical prototypes.

Interoperability and Standardization: exploration of standardization efforts to facilitate the integration of EVs into existing infrastructure and ensure seamless interoperability.

Vehicle Automation and Autonomous EVs: examination of the role of modeling and simulation in the development and validation of autonomous electric vehicles.

Contributors to this Special Issue are encouraged to present original research, case studies, and reviews that advance the state of the art in EV modeling and simulation, enabling the transition towards greener and more sustainable transportation and energy systems.

Dr. David Jiménez
Dr. Jesus Fraile-Ardanuy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • EV powertrain modeling
  • energy management and optimization
  • vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration
  • life cycle assessment (LCA) of EVs
  • EV fleet modeling
  • policy and economics
  • virtual prototyping and testing
  • interoperability and standardization
  • vehicle automation and autonomous EVs

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 1951 KiB  
Article
How Much Progress Have We Made towards Decarbonization? Policy Implications Based on the Demand for Electric Cars in Poland
by Aleksandra Alicja Olejarz and Małgorzata Kędzior-Laskowska
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4138; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164138 - 20 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1299
Abstract
The growing demand for personal mobility is leading to an increase in vehicle use, which is in turn contributing to higher carbon emissions. It is widely acknowledged that emission-free electric vehicles (EVs) will play a pivotal role in the decarbonization process, particularly in [...] Read more.
The growing demand for personal mobility is leading to an increase in vehicle use, which is in turn contributing to higher carbon emissions. It is widely acknowledged that emission-free electric vehicles (EVs) will play a pivotal role in the decarbonization process, particularly in the decarbonization of transport systems. The objective of this paper was to present the trends in demand for electric vehicles (EVs) in Poland, together with the identification of market shocks and an assessment of the programs supporting electromobility. The number of imported and domestically purchased new and used electric vehicle (BEV) registrations was analyzed using the TRAMO-SEATS and ARIMA-X-12 seasonal adjustment methods. The rise in sales of electric vehicles in Poland was driven by the government’s electromobility support programs and alterations to tax legislation, with no discernible seasonal impact. The number of registrations in Poland increased significantly, exhibiting an upward trajectory. However, this growth is constrained by the inadequate number of charging stations, which are primarily powered by electricity derived from coal. Consequently, while the development of electromobility in Poland is evident, the decarbonization process remains a challenge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrifying the Future: Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transport and Energy)
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59 pages, 44058 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Temperature Reached by the Traction Battery of an Electric Vehicle during the Drying Phase in the Paint Booth
by Ana Olona and Luis Castejón
Energies 2024, 17(14), 3437; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143437 - 12 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1409
Abstract
Lithium-ion battery pack performance, safety, and lifespan are significantly influenced by temperature, yet little research has focused on the specific effects of temperature during the drying phase in paint booths. This study aims to analyse how drying temperatures affect battery modules compared to [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion battery pack performance, safety, and lifespan are significantly influenced by temperature, yet little research has focused on the specific effects of temperature during the drying phase in paint booths. This study aims to analyse how drying temperatures affect battery modules compared to operational conditions (e.g., driving, charging) and to analyse the influence of the battery state of charge on the temperature reached by the traction battery during the drying phase. Various temperature measurement methods, including diagnostic equipment and thermocouples, were employed to conduct tests. Results indicate that the battery pack temperature during the drying phase remains below 60 °C. Comparisons with temperature measurements in other scenarios (e.g., charging, high-temperature parking) show significantly higher temperatures, highlighting the relatively low impact of paint booth drying temperatures on battery thermal management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrifying the Future: Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transport and Energy)
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23 pages, 1688 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Vehicle Design Considering Quality Level and Life Cycle Environmental Assessment (LCA)
by Robert Ulewicz, Dominika Siwiec and Andrzej Pacana
Energies 2023, 16(24), 8122; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16248122 - 18 Dec 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
One of the global ecological problems is the excessive carbon dioxide emissions generated by vehicles in the transport sector, including passenger transport. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to develop a model that supports the prediction of vehicle variants that will be [...] Read more.
One of the global ecological problems is the excessive carbon dioxide emissions generated by vehicles in the transport sector, including passenger transport. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to develop a model that supports the prediction of vehicle variants that will be satisfactory to the customer in terms of: (i) quality level and (ii) environmental impact throughout the life cycle. This model was developed with the following techniques: TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), SMARTER (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound), Pareto–Lorenz, and the Multi-Criteria Decision Method rule (7 ± 2). A model test was carried out for production variants of the electric vehicle BEV (battery electric vehicle) for which the quality level and life cycle assessment were estimated. Vehicle quality levels ranged from 0.15 to 0.69, with a weight of 0.75. However, vehicle life cycle scores were estimated in the range of 0.25 to 0.57, with a weight of 0.25. Ultimately, the level of the vehicles’ LCA ranged from 0.18 to 0.62. As a result, it was shown that on the basis of various modifications of the quality level of vehicle variants and the corresponding environmental impacts throughout their life cycle, it is possible to predict the vehicle variant that is most satisfactory for the customer and, at the same time, environmentally friendly. The originality of the model relies on supporting the making of sustainable design decisions and the planning of vehicle improvement actions according to customer expectations. Therefore, the model can be used to analyse different types of vehicles by producers and dealers of these products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrifying the Future: Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transport and Energy)
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17 pages, 2857 KiB  
Article
Electrifying Green Logistics: A Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Electric and Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles
by Ludovica Maria Oliveri, Diego D’Urso, Natalia Trapani and Ferdinando Chiacchio
Energies 2023, 16(23), 7688; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237688 - 21 Nov 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4850
Abstract
Green logistics is an approach aimed at reducing the environmental impact of transport, storage, and distribution practices, through low-emission vehicles, optimized routes, clean energy tech in warehouses, and efficient waste management. These solutions can contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals of the [...] Read more.
Green logistics is an approach aimed at reducing the environmental impact of transport, storage, and distribution practices, through low-emission vehicles, optimized routes, clean energy tech in warehouses, and efficient waste management. These solutions can contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals of the European Green Deal. The main research question of this paper is whether an electric vehicle has a lower environmental impact compared to a gasoline vehicle. This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) of an electric vehicle using lithium-ion battery technology (BEV) and compares it to an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV), considering the transportable load within the context of Italy. Through a gate-to-grave approach, both vehicles’ life cycle use and disposal phases were evaluated to identify the hotspots of environmental impact. The LCA methodology allows for an objective comparison and the results show that BEV emits slightly less kgCO2eq than ICEVs. The primary contributor to the vehicles’ impact is the dependency of the electric energy primary source from fossil fuels. Therefore, a second analysis was conducted to analyse the benefit of photovoltaic panels to generate the electric energy, showing that it can result in a significant 50% reduction in impact, making the electric vehicle a valid solution for achieving green logistics objectives. However, the questions of electric energy production, management, and distribution together with the supply of raw material and disposal of lithium batteries remain open. This issue raises a concern regarding the BEV in a country like Italy where the lack of recharging points limits the adoption of electric vehicles in green logistics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrifying the Future: Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transport and Energy)
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16 pages, 14710 KiB  
Article
Semantic-Aware Path Planning with Hexagonal Grids and Vehicle Dynamic Constraints
by Barbara Siemiątkowska, Rafał Więckowski, Jerzy Rapcewicz and Jakub Kowaliński
Energies 2023, 16(13), 5127; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135127 - 3 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1932
Abstract
The article presents a navigation system that utilizes a semantic map created on a hexagonal grid. The system plans the path by incorporating semantic and metric information while considering the vehicle’s dynamic constraints. The article concludes by discussing a low-level control algorithm used [...] Read more.
The article presents a navigation system that utilizes a semantic map created on a hexagonal grid. The system plans the path by incorporating semantic and metric information while considering the vehicle’s dynamic constraints. The article concludes by discussing a low-level control algorithm used in the system. This solution’s advantages include using a semantic map on a hexagonal grid, which enables more efficient and accurate navigation. Creating a map of allowable speeds based on the semantic map provides an additional layer of information that can help optimize the vehicle’s trajectory. Incorporating both semantic and metric information in the path-planning process leads to a more precise and tailored navigation solution that accounts for the vehicle’s capabilities and the environment it is operating in. Finally, the low-level control algorithm ensures that the vehicle follows the planned trajectory while considering real-time sensor data and other factors affecting its movement. Through this article, we aim to provide insights into the cutting-edge advancements in path planning techniques and shed light on the potential of combining hexagonal grids, vehicle dynamics constraints, and semantic awareness. These innovations have the potential to revolutionize autonomous navigation systems, enabling vehicles to navigate complex environments with greater efficiency, safety, and adaptability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electrifying the Future: Modeling and Simulation of Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Transport and Energy)
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