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Energies
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Power Quality and Energy Efficiency Issues in Modern Electric Installations
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Power Quality and Energy Efficiency Issues in Modern Electric Installations

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2026 | Viewed by 1144

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Emil Cazacu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: electromagnetic field computation; magnetic levitation; nonlinear circuits; measurement and interpretation of power quality parameters for low-voltage consumers that operate in distorted and/or unbalanced states; modern electric installations design and optimization; renewable energy sources; electric energy audits
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Marilena Stanculescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: electrical circuit analysis and simulation; electromagnetic field computation; power quality; modern electric installations design and optimization; nondestructive testing; numerical methods; wireless power transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern electric installations are undergoing rapid transformation due to the widespread adoption of power electronic devices, renewable and distributed energy resources, electric mobility, and smart control technologies. While these developments improve flexibility and sustainability, they also introduce new power quality problems—such as harmonics, voltage fluctuations, unbalance, and electromagnetic disturbances—that can negatively affect system efficiency, reliability, and equipment lifetime. At the same time, growing regulatory and environmental pressures demand higher levels of energy efficiency across all sectors.

This Special Issue aims to address these interconnected challenges by bringing together theoretical advances, practical solutions, and real-world experiences related to power quality and energy efficiency in contemporary electric installations. It seeks to provide a platform for researchers and practitioners to share methods, technologies, and best practices that support resilient, efficient, and sustainable electrical systems.

Thematic areas (indicative) include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Power quality analysis, measurement, and monitoring;
  • Harmonics, voltage disturbances, flicker, and unbalance;
  • Energy efficiency improvement in electrical installations;
  • Effects of non-linear and power electronic-based loads;
  • Power quality mitigation and compensation techniques;
  • Integration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation;
  • Smart grids, smart buildings, and energy management systems;
  • Standards, regulations, and compliance issues;
  • Case studies and practical applications;
  • Testing and validation of novel electrical installations;
  • Electric installation audits.

Prof. Dr. Emil Cazacu
Prof. Dr. Marilena Stanculescu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • power quality
  • energy efficiency
  • electric installations
  • harmonics
  • voltage disturbances
  • non-linear loads
  • renewable energy integration
  • distributed generation
  • smart grids
  • power quality monitoring
  • mitigation techniques
  • standards and regulations
  • sustainable electrical systems

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 2582 KB  
Article
A Subspace-Guided Constrained Optimization Framework for M-Class Synchrophasor Estimation Under Nonstationary Conditions
by Cagri Altintasi
Energies 2026, 19(11), 2537; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19112537 - 25 May 2026
Viewed by 181
Abstract
In recent years, the integration of renewable energy sources and the widespread use of nonlinear loads have increased dynamic uncertainties in modern power systems, making real-time and synchronized monitoring essential. Accurate M-class synchrophasor estimation under these nonstationary and spectrally uncertain conditions remains a [...] Read more.
In recent years, the integration of renewable energy sources and the widespread use of nonlinear loads have increased dynamic uncertainties in modern power systems, making real-time and synchronized monitoring essential. Accurate M-class synchrophasor estimation under these nonstationary and spectrally uncertain conditions remains a challenging problem due to dynamic variations, harmonics/interharmonics, out-of-band interference, and measurement noise. This study proposes a suitably constrained optimization-based framework for M-class synchrophasor estimation, in which a hybrid structure integrating an ESPRIT-based subspace method with the Adaptive Fitness Distance Balance Artificial Rabbit Optimization (ES-AFDB-ARO) algorithm is employed. In this framework, the optimization stage is guided by spectral information obtained via the subspace stage to narrow the search space and improve convergence stability. Performance is evaluated under IEEE C37.118 steady-state and dynamic conditions via Monte Carlo simulations, showing that total vector error, frequency error, and rate-of-change-of-frequency error values remain within standard limits. Comparative analyses at 60 dB and 40 dB SNR demonstrate that the ES-AFDB-ARO method exhibits improved and more stable performance than the widely used interpolated discrete Fourier transform, Taylor weighted least squares and Taylor–Kalman filter methods. The results show that the proposed framework offers a reliable solution for synchrophasor estimation under dynamic operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Energy Efficiency Issues in Modern Electric Installations)
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31 pages, 2774 KB  
Article
Impact of Triplen Harmonics Generated by Modern Non-Linear Loads on Neutral Conductor Overheating in Low-Voltage Smart Buildings
by Teodora Lazar, Daria Ionescu, Dan Cristian Lazar, Florin Gabriel Popescu, Adina Milena Tatar, Georgeta Buica and Dragos Pasculescu
Energies 2026, 19(7), 1743; https://doi.org/10.3390/en19071743 - 2 Apr 2026
Viewed by 653
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of single-phase non-linear loads, such as LED lighting and IT equipment, in modern Smart Buildings has introduced significant power quality challenges in low-voltage electrical installations. A critical but often underestimated consequence is the severe overloading of the neutral conductor caused [...] Read more.
The rapid proliferation of single-phase non-linear loads, such as LED lighting and IT equipment, in modern Smart Buildings has introduced significant power quality challenges in low-voltage electrical installations. A critical but often underestimated consequence is the severe overloading of the neutral conductor caused by triplen harmonics (particularly the 3rd harmonic), which sum algebraically even in balanced three-phase systems. This paper analyzes the electrical and thermal impact of these distortions using a detailed MATLAB/Simulink model of a 400/230 V (3P + N) network. The simulation results demonstrate that under highly distorted conditions (Scenario S3), the neutral current can reach 180% of the nominal phase current (18 A vs. 10 A). Furthermore, the Joule losses analysis reveals a thermal stress more than three times higher on the neutral conductor (peak ~65 W) compared to the phase conductor (~20 W), challenging the traditional design practice of neutral undersizing. To address these safety issues, this study proposes a novel neutral-to-phase current ratio index (kN) and a proactive decision matrix for Building Management Systems (BMS). Unlike traditional mitigation strategies that rely on static hardware oversizing, passive filters, or specialized transformers, the proposed approach offers a dynamic, cost-effective, and software-driven solution that can be easily integrated into the existing automation infrastructure of modern Smart Buildings. The model identifies a critical tipping point at a 3rd harmonic content of 35.3%, where kN ≥ 1. By continuously monitoring the kN parameter, the proposed algorithm enables a transition from passive protection to active power management, triggering automated responses to prevent insulation degradation and mitigate fire hazards. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Quality and Energy Efficiency Issues in Modern Electric Installations)
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