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Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems
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Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2025) | Viewed by 4142

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nan Lu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Interests: power system design planning and optimal operation; integrated energy system reliability and vulnerability analysis
Dr. Pai Li

E-Mail
Guest Editor
National Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy Grid Connection, China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
Interests: renewable energy planning and power scheduling
Dr. Yumeng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
Interests: reliability and risk analysis of integrated energy systems; cascading failure of power systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editors are inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on “Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems”. In the context of integrating various energy forms (such as electricity, heat, gas, water, etc.), integrated energy systems have emerged as a crucial pathway for improving energy efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. By optimizing these systems, it is possible to achieve the complementarity and synergy of energy resources, enhance the flexibility and reliability of energy systems, promote the efficient utilization of renewable energies, and provide solutions to energy demand fluctuations.

This Special Issue invites original research articles addressing technical, economic, and policy considerations to enhance the integration of different energy systems. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following areas:

  1. Interdependency analysis in multi energy systems.
  2. Accommodation of renewable energy with integrated energy systems.
  3. Coordinated scheduling/dispatching of integrated energy systems.
  4. Coordinated planning of integrated energy systems.
  5. Uncertainty modeling of integrated energy systems.
  6. Reliability and risk of integrated energy systems.
  7. Energy storage and flexible resources.
  8. Carbon emissions and environmental impact optimization.

Dr. Nan Lu
Dr. Pai Li
Dr. Yumeng Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • integrated power and energy systems
  • renewable energy
  • flexible resources
  • coordinated scheduling/dispatching
  • coordinated planning
  • system reliability
  • risk analysis

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 4349 KB  
Article
The Economic Optimization of a Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable System with an Electromagnetic Frequency Regulator Using a Genetic Algorithm
by Aziz Oloroun-Shola Bissiriou, Joale de Carvalho Pereira, Ednardo Pereira da Rocha, Ricardo Ferreira Pinheiro, Elmer Rolando Llanos Villarreal and Andrés Ortiz Salazar
Energies 2025, 18(16), 4404; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164404 - 19 Aug 2025
Viewed by 228
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive economic optimization of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) enhanced with an electromagnetic frequency regulator (EFR) to improve frequency stability and provide clean and continuous electricity to the Macau City Campus while reducing dependence on fossil sources. [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comprehensive economic optimization of a grid-connected hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) enhanced with an electromagnetic frequency regulator (EFR) to improve frequency stability and provide clean and continuous electricity to the Macau City Campus while reducing dependence on fossil sources. The system includes photovoltaic (PV) arrays, wind turbines, battery storage, EFR, and a backup diesel generator. A genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimally size these components with the objective of maximizing the net present value (NPV) over the system’s lifetime. The GA implementation was validated on standard benchmark functions to ensure correctness and was finely tuned for robust convergence. Comprehensive sensitivity analyses of key parameters (discount rate, component costs, resource availability, etc.) were performed to assess solution robustness. The optimized design (PV≈35kWp, WT=30kW, ESS≈200kWh, and EFR=30kW) achieves a highly positive net present value of BRL 1.86 M in 2015 values (BRL 3.11 M in 2025) and discounted payback in approximately 9 years. A comparative assessment with the 2015 baseline project revealed up to a 10.1% enhancement in the net present value, underscoring the economic advantages of the optimized design. These results confirm the system’s strong economic viability and environmental benefits, providing a valuable guideline for future grid-connected hybrid energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems)
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23 pages, 1428 KB  
Article
ELM-Bench: A Multidimensional Methodological Framework for Large Language Model Evaluation in Electricity Markets
by Hang Fan, Shijie Ji, Peng Yuan, Qingsong Zhao, Shuaikang Wang, Xiaowei Tan and Yunjie Duan
Energies 2025, 18(15), 3982; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18153982 - 25 Jul 2025
Viewed by 365
Abstract
The large language model (LLM) has significant potential for application in the field of electricity markets, but there are shortcomings in professional evaluation methods for LLM: single task, limited dataset coverage, and lack of depth. To this end, this article proposes the ELM-Bench [...] Read more.
The large language model (LLM) has significant potential for application in the field of electricity markets, but there are shortcomings in professional evaluation methods for LLM: single task, limited dataset coverage, and lack of depth. To this end, this article proposes the ELM-Bench framework for evaluating the LLM of the Chinese electricity market, which evaluates the model from 3 dimensions of understanding, generation, and safety through 7 tasks (such as common-sense Q&A and terminology explanations) with 2841 samples. At the same time, a specialized domain model QwenGOLD was fine-tuned based on the general LLM. The evaluation results show that the top-level general model performs well in general tasks due to high-quality pre-training, while QwenGOLD performs better in tasks such as prediction and decision-making in professional fields, verifying the effectiveness of domain fine-tuning. The study also found that fine-tuning has limited improvement on LLM’s basic abilities, but its score in professional prediction tasks is second only to Deepseek-V3, indicating that some general LLMs can handle domain data well without professional training. This can provide a basis for model selection in different scenarios, balancing performance and training costs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems)
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15 pages, 1944 KB  
Article
Coordination of Hydropower Generation and Export Considering River Flow Evolution Process of Cascade Hydropower Systems
by Pai Li, Hui Lu, Lu Nan and Jiayi Liu
Energies 2025, 18(15), 3917; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18153917 - 23 Jul 2025
Viewed by 226
Abstract
Focusing the over simplification of existing models in simulating river flow evolution process and lack of coordination of hydropower generation and export, this paper proposes a hydropower generation and export coordinated optimal operation model that, at the same time, incorporates dynamic water flow [...] Read more.
Focusing the over simplification of existing models in simulating river flow evolution process and lack of coordination of hydropower generation and export, this paper proposes a hydropower generation and export coordinated optimal operation model that, at the same time, incorporates dynamic water flow delay by finely modeling the water flow evolution process among cascade hydropower stations within a river basin. Specifically, firstly, a dynamic water flow evolution model is built based on the segmented Muskingum method. By dividing the river into sub-segments and establishing flow evolution equation for individual sub-segments, the model accurately captures the dynamic time delay of water flow. On this basis, integrating cascade hydropower systems and the transmission system, a hydropower generation and export coordinated optimal operation model is proposed. By flexibly adjusting the power export, the model balances local consumption and external transmission of hydropower, enhancing the utilization efficiency of hydropower resources and achieving high economic performance. A case study verified the accuracy of the dynamic water flow evolution model and the effectiveness of the proposed hydropower generation and export coordinated optimal operation model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems)
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13 pages, 1660 KB  
Article
Green’s Function Approach for Simulating District Heating Networks
by Ke Xu, Dengxin Ai, Changlong Sun, Yan Qi, Jiaojiao Wang, Fan Yang and Hechen Ren
Energies 2025, 18(10), 2627; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18102627 - 20 May 2025
Viewed by 454
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a mathematical framework for analyzing and optimizing district heating networks by leveraging the Green’s function method. Traditional numerical methods for simulating district heating networks often face computational challenges and lack transparency in revealing cause-and-effect relationships in heat propagation. [...] Read more.
In this paper, we introduce a mathematical framework for analyzing and optimizing district heating networks by leveraging the Green’s function method. Traditional numerical methods for simulating district heating networks often face computational challenges and lack transparency in revealing cause-and-effect relationships in heat propagation. By treating temperature as a scalar field, we employ Green’s function methods to derive analytical solutions that provide a more transparent and intuitive understanding of how heat propagates through the network in response to various inputs. We demonstrate the application of this framework through two numerical examples involving heating networks. Comparative results show that, under identical hardware conditions, the Green’s function method requires only about one-fifth of the computational time compared to the finite element method for the same case. This approach offers distinct advantages in terms of computational efficiency, accuracy, and interpretability, enabling more effective design, optimization, and control of sustainable district heating systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems)
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21 pages, 3113 KB  
Article
Collaborative Scheduling Framework for Post-Disaster Restoration: Integrating Electric Vehicles and Traffic Dynamics in Waterlogging Scenarios
by Hao Dai, Ziyu Liu, Guowei Liu, Hao Deng, Lisheng Xin, Liang He, Longlong Shang, Dafu Liu, Jiaju Shi, Ziwen Xu and Chen Chen
Energies 2025, 18(7), 1708; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18071708 - 28 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 396
Abstract
Frequent and severe waterlogging caused by climate change poses significant challenges to urban infrastructure systems, particularly transportation networks (TNs) and distribution networks (DNs), necessitating efficient restoration strategies. This study proposes a collaborative scheduling framework for post-disaster restoration in waterlogging scenarios, addressing the impact [...] Read more.
Frequent and severe waterlogging caused by climate change poses significant challenges to urban infrastructure systems, particularly transportation networks (TNs) and distribution networks (DNs), necessitating efficient restoration strategies. This study proposes a collaborative scheduling framework for post-disaster restoration in waterlogging scenarios, addressing the impact of waterlogging on both transportation and distribution systems. The method integrates electric vehicles (EVs), mobile power sources (MPSs), and repair crews (RCs) into a unified optimization model, leveraging an improved semi-dynamic traffic assignment (SDTA) model that accounts for temporal variations in road accessibility due to water depth. Simulation results based on the modified IEEE 33-node distribution network and SiouxFalls 35-node transportation network demonstrate the framework’s ability to optimize resource allocation under real-world conditions. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach reduces system load loss by more than 30%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems)
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17 pages, 1054 KB  
Article
A Method for Restoring Power Supply to Distribution Networks Considering the Coordination of Multiple Resources Under Typhoon-Induced Waterlogging Disasters
by Hao Dai, Dafu Liu, Guowei Liu, Hao Deng, Lisheng Xin, Longlong Shang, Ziyu Liu, Ziwen Xu, Jiaju Shi and Chen Chen
Energies 2025, 18(5), 1284; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18051284 - 6 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 980
Abstract
Recently, frequent typhoons and waterlogging disasters have caused severe damage to the power distribution networks in coastal cities. In response to this issue, how to efficiently develop recovery plans and achieve flexible resource coordination has become key for urban power grids in regard [...] Read more.
Recently, frequent typhoons and waterlogging disasters have caused severe damage to the power distribution networks in coastal cities. In response to this issue, how to efficiently develop recovery plans and achieve flexible resource coordination has become key for urban power grids in regard to coping with extreme natural disasters. Therefore, this article proposes a multi type flexible resource collaborative scheduling method for power supply restoration in distribution networks which realizes cooperation between maintenance teams and mobile energy storage in the scenario of wind and flood composite disasters, simultaneously completing the transfer of important loads through topology reconstruction. Firstly, a damage model for distribution network nodes and lines under wind–flood composite disasters was established to address the impact of typhoons and waterlogging disasters on the distribution network. Then, based on the inherent characteristics of multiple types of flexible resources, various collaborative recovery models for flexible resources after disasters were established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through the coupling example of a 33-node distribution network and a 30-node transportation network. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems)
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21 pages, 983 KB  
Article
Energy Trading Strategies for Integrated Energy Systems Considering Uncertainty
by Jin Gao, Zhenguo Shao, Feixiong Chen and Mohammadreza Lak
Energies 2025, 18(4), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18040935 - 15 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 881
Abstract
To improve the stable operation and promote the energy sharing of the integrated energy system (IES), a comprehensive energy trading strategy considering uncertainty is proposed. Firstly, an IES model incorporating power-to-gas (P2G) and a carbon capture system (CCS) is established to reduce carbon [...] Read more.
To improve the stable operation and promote the energy sharing of the integrated energy system (IES), a comprehensive energy trading strategy considering uncertainty is proposed. Firstly, an IES model incorporating power-to-gas (P2G) and a carbon capture system (CCS) is established to reduce carbon emissions. Secondly, this model is integrated into a four-level robust optimization to address the fluctuation of renewable energy sources in IES operations. This not only considers probability distribution scenarios of renewable energy and the uncertainty of its output, but also effectively reduces the model’s conservatism by constructing a multi-interval uncertainty set. On this basis, a Nash–Harsanyi bargaining method is used to solve the issue of benefit allocation among multiple IESs. Finally, the energy trading model is solved using a distributed algorithm that ensures an equitable distribution of benefits while protecting the privacy of each IES. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Design and Optimization for Integrated Power and Energy Systems)
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