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Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D: Energy Storage and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 8868

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yujie Xu

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Guest Editor

Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: compressed air energy storage; thermal energy storage; thermal conversion; thermodynamics; electricity storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite submissions to a Special Issue of the journal Energies on the topic of “Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems”.

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems and Thermal energy storage (TES) systems, as two major large-scale energy storage technologies, play an important role in peak clipping and valley filling of power systems, large-scale utilization of renewable energy, and development of distributed energy system. Indeed, major challenges are involved in performance improvement of the two systems to meet the large-scale utilization requirement in industry. For CAES, advanced technologies are needed to achieve higher efficiency, higher energy density, and lower cost. For TES, higher energy density, more stable materials, and lower environmental impact are required.

To address these issues, it is necessary to focus on advanced technologies in material, components, system configuration, and evaluation of CAES and TES systems. Therefore, links among material, component, and system should be well addressed. Furthermore, systems can be implemented in a working scenario to conduct a comprehensive study. For better performance, it is not only design methodologies and system operationthat should be the focus, i.e., dynamic study and advanced control.

This Special Issue encourages original contributions regarding recent developments and ideas in advanced technologies for CAES/TES systems. Potential topics include but are not limited to CAES technologies, TES technologies, components/material, dynamic analysis, system control, economic/ecological impact, renewable energy integration, distributed energy system integration, and power system integration.

Prof. Dr. Yujie Xu
Guest Editor

The World Energy Storage Technology Conference (WESC2021)

This Special Issue will collect outstanding papers for WESC2021. The World Energy Storage Technology Conference (WESC2021) & NSFC-BC China-UK Energy Storage Forum is a grand event for the academic and industrial circles in the international energy storage field. The conference will be held in Nanjing, China on 25 June 2021: http://inesalliance.ac.cn/meetingen

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

compressed air energy storage
thermal storage system
compressor
expander
air storage facility
thermal storage material
charge
discharge
dynamic analysis and control
economic and ecological impact
distributed energy system
renewable energy
power system

Related Special Issue

Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems: 2nd Edition in Energies

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2115 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Techno-Economic Evaluation of a Compressed CO₂ Energy Storage System for Load Shifting Based on Dynamic Modelling

by Bin Zhang, Junbo Yang, Sule Tian, Qingxi Huang, Wei Wang, Qie Sun and Xiaohan Ren

Energies 2023, 16(23), 7894; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16237894 - 3 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 888

Abstract

To reduce the electricity grid’s valley—peak difference, thereby resulting in a smoother electricity load, this study employs a compressed CO₂ energy storage system to facilitate load shifting. Load shifting by the CCES system not only enhances the energy flexibility of the electricity load but also creates energy arbitrage from variations in the electricity prices. An optimization model is developed to optimize the operation of the CCES system to minimize the standard deviation of the electricity load. Thereby, load shifting by the CCES system can be achieved. Based on the real electricity loads and prices, results indicate that, with an energy storage capacity of 267 MWh, the CCES system can provide 3845 MWh, 4052 MWh, and 3816 MWh of upward flexible energy and 3846 MWh, 3180 MWh, and 3735 MWh of downward flexible energy during a week in summer, winter, and the transition season, respectively. With a lifespan of 35 years, the CCES system can attain a net present value (NPV) of MUSD 239.9 and a payback time of 2 years. The sensitivity analysis shows that increasing the energy storage capacity of the CCES system augments both the upward and downward flexible energy of the electricity load but reduces the NPV of the CCES system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems)

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18 pages, 8977 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Different Rotational Speed Characteristics of Multistage Axial Compressor in CAES System

by Pengfei Li, Zhitao Zuo, Xin Zhou, Jingxin Li and Haisheng Chen

Energies 2023, 16(11), 4383; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114383 - 29 May 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1383

Abstract

An axial compressor has high efficiency under design conditions, but its stable working range is narrow. Adjusting the rotational speed can effectively expand the stable working range. In this paper, a five-stage axial compressor for a specific compressed air energy storage (CAES) system is taken as the research object, and different rotational speed (DRS) characteristics are studied with NUMECA software. Firstly, the influence of DRS on overall aerodynamic performance is explored, and the working flow range of the compressor is increased from 11.5% to 54.0%. Secondly, the effect of DRS on inlet parameters of the first stage rotor is analyzed, and the reasonable distribution of inlet parameters is obtained. Thirdly, the changing law of the internal flow is investigated at DRS. The corner separation is gradually enhanced when the rotational speed increases, and the leakage flow velocity at the rotor tip gradually improves. Finally, the loss distribution of tip clearance is researched. The result shows that the loss distribution increases significantly in both circumferential and spanwise directions when the speed increases. This work aims to provide a reference for the stable and efficient operation of axial compressors in CAES systems under the wide working range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems)

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21 pages, 4212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Performance of a Solar Heating System with Seasonal and Cascade Thermal-Energy Storage

by Xiuyan Yue, Yujie Xu, Xuezhi Zhou, Dehou Xu and Haisheng Chen

Energies 2022, 15(20), 7733; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15207733 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1186

Abstract

Seasonal solar thermal-energy storage systems used for space heating applications is a promising technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A novel solar heating system with seasonal and cascade thermal-energy storage based on zeolite water is proposed in this study. The system’s efficiency is improved through cascade storage and the release of solar energy. The energy storage density is improved through the deep coupling of daily energy storage and cross-seasonal energy storage. A mathematical model of the system-performance analysis is established. The system performances in the non-heating and heating seasons and throughout the year are analyzed by considering the Chifeng City of China as an application case. The results indicate that the average collection efficiency of the proposed system is 2.88% higher in the non-heating season and 7.4% higher in the heating season than that of the reference system. Furthermore, the utilization efficiency of the proposed system is 37.16%, which is 3.26% higher than that of the reference system. Further, the proposed system has a supply heat of 2135 GJ in the heating season, which is 9.66% higher than the reference system. This study provides a solution for the highly efficient solar energy utilization for large-scale space-heating applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems)

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15 pages, 2722 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization Design of a Molten Salt–Supercritical CO₂ Heat Exchanger

by Xiaoming Dong, Cancan Zhang, Yuting Wu, Yuanwei Lu and Chongfang Ma

Energies 2022, 15(19), 7398; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197398 - 9 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1169

Abstract

The performance of a heat exchanger is directly related to the energy conversion efficiency of the thermal storage system, and its optimal design is an important method to improve the performance of the heat exchanger. This paper uses the distributed parameter method to analyze the effect of the structural parameters and operating parameters of a heat exchanger on the entransy dissipation rate, the entransy dissipation number, the entransy dissipation heat resistance, entropy production rate, and entropy production number in a molten salt–supercritical CO₂ concentric tube heat exchanger. The results show that the entransy dissipation rate and entropy production rate have the same trend, with the structural parameters and operating parameters, as well as the changes in the entransy dissipation number and entransy dissipation thermal resistance, jointly affected by the entransy dissipation rate and the heat exchange. Based on the above indicators, single-objective and multi-objective optimization calculations were carried out. The results show that taking the minimum entropy dissipation number, entransy dissipation heat resistance, and improved entropy production number as the objective functions, and using the heat transfer effectiveness as the evaluation index, the optimization effect is better. The ε value is increased by 41.2%, 39.5%, and 40.3% compared with the reference individual. In the multi-objective optimization, taking the minimum number of entransy dissipation and entropy production as the objective function, and using the efficiency of heat transfer and the pressure drop of the working fluid as the evaluation indicators, the optimization effect is better. Compared with the reference individual, the ε value increased by 23.5%, and

Δ P_{h}

and

Δ P_{c}

decreased by 51.9% and 32.5%, respectively. This study provides a reference for the optimization of supercritical CO₂ heat exchangers by utilizing parameters such as entransy and entropy, which reflect the irreversible loss of the heat transfer process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems)

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18 pages, 10846 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of the Impeller Backside Cavity in a Centrifugal Compressor for CAES

by Zhihua Lin, Zhitao Zuo, Wei Li, Jianting Sun, Xin Zhou, Haisheng Chen and Xuezhi Zhou

Energies 2022, 15(2), 420; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020420 - 6 Jan 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1470

Abstract

Relying on a closed test rig of a high-power intercooling centrifugal compressor for compressed air energy storage (CAES), this study measured the static pressure and static temperature at different radii on the static wall of the impeller backside cavity (IBC) under variable rotating speeds. Simultaneously, the coupled computations of all mainstream domains with IBC or not were used for comparative analysis of the aerodynamic performances of the compressor and the internal flow field in IBC. The results show that IBC has a significant impact on coupling characteristics including pressure ratio, efficiency, torque, shaft power, and axial thrust of the centrifugal compressor. The gradients of radial static pressure and static temperature in IBC both increase with the decrease of mainstream flow or the increase of rotating speed, whose distributions are different under variable rotating speeds due to the change of the aerodynamic parameters of mainstream. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems)

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20 pages, 8051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Experimental Study on Effects of Adjustable Vaned Diffusers on Impeller Backside Cavity of Centrifugal Compressor in CAES

by Zhihua Lin, Zhitao Zuo, Wenbin Guo, Jianting Sun, Qi Liang and Haisheng Chen

Energies 2021, 14(19), 6187; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196187 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1798

Abstract

The impeller backside cavity (IBC) is a unique structure of centrifugal compressor in compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems, which affects the aerodynamic performance of centrifugal compressor, and the angle change of the downstream coupled adjustable vaned diffusers (AVDs) will affect the flow field inside the cavity and compressor performance. This paper relies on the closed test facility of the high-power intercooling compressor to measure static pressure and static temperature at different radii on the static wall of the IBC. The coupling relationship between the IBC and compressor under variable operating conditions is analyzed, and the influence of AVDs on the internal flow in IBC is studied. The results show that static pressure and static temperature rise along the direction of increasing radius, but static temperature drops near the coupling between the impeller outlet and the cavity inlet. Under AVDs’ design angle, static pressure and static temperature at each point, static pressure loss and static temperature loss in the direction of decreasing radius all increase as the flow decreases. Under variable AVDs’ angles, static pressure and static temperature will change differently, and respective loss will also be different. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Technologies for Compressed Air Energy Storage/Thermal Storage Systems)

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